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Effects of Dietary Multi-strain Probiotics on Growth, Whole Body Composition and Stress Resistance of the Gangetic Catfish (mystus Cavasius) Fry

Tanwi Dey
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh

Shakil Akhtar
Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh

Md. Moshiur Rahman
Department of Fish Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh

Md. Sakhawat Hossain
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotics on growth, feed utilization, body composition, and stress resistance of the Gangetic catfish, Mystus cavasius fry. A commercially formulated feed for catfish (ACI Company Ltd.) was used as a basal diet. Three different levels (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8%) of commercial multi-strain probiotic NavioPlus were added to the basal diet to formulate three experimental diets (PB 0.2, PB0.4, PB0.8) and the basal diet was considered as control (PB0). Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish (mean initial weight 0.32±0.0003 g for 56 days. In general, dietary probiotics supplementations tended to improve growth performances (final body weight, percentage (%) weight gain and specific growth rate, SGR), in which significantly highest performances were found in diet group PB-0.2 followed by diet groups PB-0.4 and PB-0.8. Probiotics supplementation resulting in increased feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) and the highest value (P<0.05) obtained in diet group PB-0.4. The control group showed significantly lower growth and feed utilization performances. Except for lipid content, the body proximate compositions were not significantly influenced (P > 0.05) by the dietary probiotics supplementation. However, the fishes fed diet PB-0.2 and PB-0 had significantly higher and lower lipid content, respectively. In terms of salinity stress resistance, M. cavasius fry fed probiotic supplemented diet showed increased LT50 compared to the supplementation-free control group. Significantly higher LT50 observed in diet group PB-0.4 followed by PB-0.8. The quadratic regression analysis of % weight gain, FCE and, LT50 revealed that the optimum level of dietary multi-strain probiotics supplementation ranged between 0.45-0.54% for M. cavasius fry, which is also in line with most of the measured performance parameters of fish under present experimental condition.

Keywords: Probiotics, Growth, Feed utilization, Stress resistance, Gangetic catfish (gulsha)

Location: The post-graduate laboratory of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh and a private hatchery in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cat fish, Animal

Objectives:

To evaluate the effects of dietary probiotics on growth, feed utilization, body composition, and stress resistance of the Gangetic catfish, Mystus cavasius fry.

Methodology:

Test fish and experimental design: The experiment was conducted in the post-graduate laboratory of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh for 56 days. Gangetic catfish fry was collected from a private hatchery in Mymensingh, Bangladesh, and transported by oxygenated polythene bags. Afterward, fish were acclimated in 500 L plastic tank with laboratory facilities for one week with continuous aeration and fed a commercial catfish diet containing 43% protein (ACI company Ltd.) at the rate of 15% body weight thrice in a day during this period. After acclimatization homogenous-sized fry was sorted. Fifty fish, having a mean initial body weight of approximately 0.32±0.0003 g, were randomly allocated into each twelve glass aquaria following Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Four treatments with three replicates for each were used for the experiment. The feeding trial was carried out in twelve glass aquaria of 150 L capacity (filled with 100 L of water). Underground water stored in a reservoir tank was used as a source of freshwater for the aquaria. Each aquarium was equipped with continuous aeration and filtration. Water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and salinity were measured daily. The behavior of Gangetic catfish was also regularly overlooked especially after feeding to observe their conditions such as movement, infection, colorations, and diseases. Preparation of experimental diet: Summarizes the chemical composition of a commercial catfish diet (ACI Company Ltd.) used as the basal diet in this study. The basal diet was grounded with an electric blender (Myako, India) to make it powder form. Afterward, four experimental diets were prepared by supplementing incremental levels of a multi-strain commercial dietary probiotic (Navio plus; Biovac, Thailand) to the basal diet at a level of 0% (P-B0, control), 0.2% (PB-0.2), 0.4% (P-B0.4) and 0.8% (PB-0.8), respectively. “NavioPlus” is the mixture of the following probiotic bacterial and yeast strain: Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, Lactobacillus acidophilis, L. plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Initially, the required amount of probiotics was thoroughly mixed by hands with the grounded basal diet. After proper mixing, water was added gradually (35-40%) to the dry ingredients. The mixture was then passed through a kitchen-type pellet machine with an appropriate diameter (0.5-1.0 mm) to prepare pellets, which were then sun-dried for 5 to 6 hrs. Afterward, they were packed in airtight polythene bags and stored in the refrigerator (4ºC) until fed. Saline water stress tolerance test: At the end of the growth trial, a stress tolerance test was conducted to determine the lethal time of 50% mortality (LT50) in saline water containing commercial table salt, NaCl (Dawood et al., 2016). After the feeding trial, 8 fish from each rearing aquarium (total 24 fish per treatment) were randomly selected and transferred into 150 L rectangular glass aquarium with 30 L prepared saline water (35 ppt.) which was aerated for 24 hrs. The glass aquaria for the stress test were equipped with continuous aeration and kept under ambient temperature during the stress tolerance test. The time duration for 50% mortality of Gangetic catfish fry was calculated according to Hossain et al. (2016b) as follows: time to death (min) of fry was converted to log10 values. Immediate after transferring into the saline water the survival rate was 100% (log value was log10 100 = 2) and the calculation was conducted every 5 minutes. The values of log survival rate were plotted against every minute to determine the time needed for 50% mortality of fish fries. The equation is as follows:
Y = aX+ b where Y = log10 (survival) and
X = time for individual fry death (min).
LT50 (X) was obtained when Y = 1.7 since log10 (50) = 1.7. Each value obtained from the equation compared statistically. Statistical analyses: Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test to determine differences between treatments means at a significance rate of P<0.05. The standard deviation of treatment means was also estimated. Other statistical analyses were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Percentage (%) of WG, FCE, and LT50 was subjected to quadratic regression analysis with dietary probiotic supplementation level.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(3): 779–787, 2020 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.107265

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on the present experimental condition, it can be concluded that the optimum level of multi-strain probiotics supplementation ranged between 0.45 to 0.54 % in the diets to positively influence the growth response, feed utilization and salinity stress tolerance of Gangetic catfish fry.

Knowledge Management: Journal