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Study of the Climate Change Impact on Fishers’ Livelihood Near the Padma River in Munshiganj, Bangladesh

Noore Safa Ema
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md Saddam Hossain
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md Nagim Uddin
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Mohammad Matiur Rahman
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Zakir Hossain
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Climate change is a contemporary global threat to the whole world especially in coastal areas like Bangladesh. Bangladesh is extremely vulnerable to climate change impacts because of its geographical location. This research is an attempt to assess the impacts of climate change on fishers' livelihood of a selected climate hotspot zone Munshiganj. In the study area, the average sex ratios of males and females were 56.67% and 43.33%, respectively and their religion ratio was Islam 45% and Hindu 55%. There was 60% nuclear family and 40% joint family. About 86.4% of the house was tin-shed and the drinking water source was the only tube well. In Munshiganj, 11% of fishers were illiterate, 27% had primary, 38% had secondary, 16% had higher secondary and 8% had a bachelor. Most of the people about 59% were dependent on Upazila Health Complex for their health issues. The highest percentage of fishers about 40% had an annual income of 20,001 to 24,000 BDT. About 62.7% of fishers were agreed with the statements: reduce fish production, damage fishing ground, blockage of fish migration road, damage biodiversity, increasing temperature, enhance soil erosion, reduce rainfall, siltation, water flow, storm frequency, changing spawning season, decrease fish production, extinction fish species. In the study area, women and children have affected severely i.e. malnutrition, education, treatment, early marriage etc. The present study clearly indicates that there are visible changes in the livelihood condition of fishers' in the study areas of Munshiganj.

Keywords: Climate change; Education; Economical condition; Fishers; Livelihood

Location: Louhajang Upazila in Munshiganj district.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Climate change

Objectives:

To evaluate the impacts of climate change on the livelihood of the fishers' communities around the Padma river and help to take the necessary steps in maintaining their better livelihood pattern.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in Louhajang Upazila in Munshiganj district. Louhajang is located at 23.4667°N and 90.3417°E and it has a total area of 130.12 km². The main study zone was the charlands of Louhajang near the Padma River. To inquire into the livelihood of fishers and the impact of climate change on them, a total of 120 fishers in each area were interviewed by the structured questionnaire at their houses, boats, markets and local areas. The questionnaire included questions on the socio-demographic conditions like age, sex, religion, marital status, family members, types of family, education, house status, sanitary facilities, medical facilities, drinking water sources, current facilities, land status, safety and security etc. It has also included socio-economic questions like income sources, daily or monthly income, loan facilities, amount of loan, amount of interest (%), source of the loan, savings and Government and NGOs facilities etc. Data derived from a large study on fishers´ communities that collated observations of climate change impacts and adaptive response by fishers of Munshiganj. Here “observation” means a primary observation either cited or stated in the source material by individuals or groups who are identified as subsistence-oriented fishers (i.e., fishers depending on the fishery for subsistence) (Savo et al., 2016). This definition retrenches observations from modern commercial fishers as well as secondary assessments from researchers (i.e., impacts assessed by researchers in fishers? communities) (Savo et al., 2017). All observations were collocated into four groups: changes in weather and climate, changes in the physical components of the environment, changes in the fisheries resources and impacts on the well-being of fishers´ specially women and children. Further, all four groups e.g., changes in weather and climate, changes in the physical components of the environment, changes in the fisheries resources and impacts on the well-being of fishers especially women and children were sub-classified into 8, 7, 11 and 15 sub-groups, respectively. Each sub-group was evaluated as a rare, occasional, high, moderately high and extremely high event through ranking within 1 to 5 categories which was determined by the rate of the frequency of occurrence of each event in the study area. Are the collected fishers data consistent from the study areas were analyzed with the tenets of grounded theory so as to detect and clarify emergent patterns rather than rely on prior assumptions (Glaser and Strauss, 2012) and then presented in textual and graphical forms to understand the impact of climate change on fishers? livelihood status as well as the constraints of fisher folks. GIS software consisted of an interface from MapInfo and digitized maps from ArcGIS 10.5. Other statistical data were analyzed using Microsoft office 10 and SPSS and then presented in textual and graphical forms.

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2020, 6 (4), 777-784

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v6i4.51246

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present study, Climate change affected the livelihood of the fishers near the Padma river in Munshiganj. The livelihood conditions of the fishers in the Padma river area were not satisfactory. Due to climate change, fishers? communities are facing many serious problems such as diseases, lack of food, lack of land, lack of economic support and lack of other facilities. Flood, storm surge and soil erosion were common in the Munshiganj region. Climate change is a challenge for the fishers? community in the Munshiganj region. So it is necessary to conduct an awareness training programme to improve management of environmental risk and adaptive capacity.

Knowledge Management: Journal