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Investigation of Prevalence and Risk Factors of Subclinical Mastitis of Dairy Buffaloes at Bhola District of Bangladesh

Hasan Aliul
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barisal-8210, Bangladesh

Paul Ashit Kumar
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barisal-8210, Bangladesh

Riad Mohammad Mahmood
Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barisal-8210, Bangladesh

Rahman Mizanur
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barisal-8210, Bangladesh

Ahmed Md Selim
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barisal-8210, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Subclinical mastitis is more serious and is responsible for the much greater loss to the dairy industry in Bangladesh. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and identify the associated risk factors in randomly selected 200 lactating buffaloes (192 local and 8 crossbred) at some selected regions of Bhola district, Bangladesh during the period from March 2018 to February 2019. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on each quarter milk sample of lactating buffaloes at field condition for the determination of subclinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes. The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 10.50% (21/200). The prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) was comparatively higher in crossbred (12.5%) as compared to local breed (10.42%). The highest prevalence of SCM in dairy buffaloes was also found in the late lactation period (12.82%), age group 7 to 18 years (13.46%), rainy season (11.1%) and 2nd parity group (10.74%). Moreover, the buffaloes graze in free-range areas; large and medium sized farms; poor health conditions and other diseases of post parturient period increasing the susceptibility of SCM. For early diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, CMT can be performed regularly as control measures and emphasis should be provided on-farm management practices; particularly on milking hygiene and udder sanitation.

Keywords: Prevalence; Subclinical mastitis; Risk factors; Dairy buffaloes

Location: Bhola district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-03-2018

End Date: 00-02-2019

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Buffalo

Objectives:

To know the overall prevalence and associated risk factors of subclinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes at selected study area.

Methodology:

The study was carried out in different selected areas of the study was conducted from March 2018 to February 2019. Data were collected from the farmer through the questionnaire method. Personal interviews of the farmers as well as the history of farm will be taken. A total of 200 buffaloes were examined throughout the study time to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. The sample tube (15 ml) were washed with tap water, air-dried, plugged and sterilized at 160⁰C in the hot air oven for one hour. The tubes were then labeled indicating the dairy farm, name or number of animal and collection date. Milk samples were collected from buffaloes after washing with clean water along with an antiseptic wash of teats with 70% ethanol and dried by tissue paper. Two streams of milk were discarded and then 8 ml of milk were taken aseptically into labeled sterilized test tubes with a rubber cap at the time of morning milking. Immediately after the collection of milk, samples were subjected to the California mastitis test (CMT). The test procedure is described below- CMT kit was supplied by ACI Agro vet division, Bangladesh. It is composed of Alkyl Aryl sulfonate (3%), sodium hydroxide (1.5%) and bromocresol purple (1:10,000) as an indicator. For conducting the CMT, a shallow paddle having four cups was used and rinsed after each use. About 5 ml milk was drawn from the bottle into the cup and an estimated equal volume of CMT reagent was squirted from a polyethylene wash bottle. Mixing was accomplished by the gentle circular motion of the paddle in a horizontal plane. The reaction developed almost immediately with milk containing a high concentration of somatic cells. The peak of the reaction was obtained within 10 seconds and scored.

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 697-704

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v6i4.51236

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Mastitis is a common problem of dairy industries. The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy buffaloes at some selected regions of Bhola district in Bangladesh was 10.50%. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) was comparatively higher in crossbred as compared to local breed. The highest prevalence of SCM in dairy buffaloes was also found in the late lactation period, age group 7 to 18 years, rainy season and 2nd parity group of dairy buffaloes. Moreover, the buffaloes graze in free-range areas; large and medium-sized farms; poor health conditions and other diseases of post parturient period increasing the susceptibility of SCM. Udder hygiene and proper milking management methods, proper installation, function and maintenance of milking equipment, dry cow management and therapy, appropriate therapy of mastitis during lactation, culling chronically infected cows, good record keeping, periodic review of the udder health management will help to take the challenges of the mastitis control program. Well-documented continued research and educational effort is required to increase awareness to the farmers or relevant personnel of the dairy enterprise. Further study should be performed to determine the specific causal agents, antimicrobials and genetic analysis of the agents to curb the mastitis in the mentioned study area.

Knowledge Management: Journal