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Seriwaste Compost Enhances Mulberry Leaf Yield and Quality in Bangladesh

Faruque Ahmed
Department of Mulberry, Bangladesh Sericulture Research and Training Institute, 6207 Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Rafia Sultana
Department of Mulberry, Bangladesh Sericulture Research and Training Institute, 6207 Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Seriwaste compost may improve mulberry leaf yield, quality and cocoon production in Bangladesh. A three years field experiment was conducted to examine the effect of seriwaste compost on soil properties, growth, yield and leaf quality of mulberry plant as well as rearing performance of silkworm. This study consisted of 6 treatments: Control, basal dose of NPK, cow dung compost, seriwaste compost, recommended basal dose of NPK+cow dung compost and recommended basal dose of NPK+seriwaste compost. Results showed that combined seriwaste and BSRTI recommend fertilizer application received highest growth performance, leaf yield and quality of mulberry plant. The highest total leaf yield 52.23 Mt haG1 yearG1 with maximum moisture, moisture retention capacity, crude protein, reducing sugar, total mineral, total sugar and soluble carbohydrate percentage were obtained in recommended basal dose of NPK+seriwaste compost treated mulberry plot. Results also demonstrated that the rearing performance of silkworm was maximum in the combined seriwaste and amended plot recommended by BSRTI. The soil's physical and chemical properties were also changed due to seriwaste amendment. This study concluded that utilization of seriwaste compost has a potential effect on improved soil fertility, leaf productivity and quality of mulberry plant as well as silkworm rearing performance.

Keywords: Mounting, Dinitrosalicylic acid, Microorganisms, Decomposition rate, Synergetic effect, Cocoon production, Multivoltine, Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, DTPA, Mineralization

Location: Bangladesh Sericulture Research and Training Institute, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mulberry

Objectives:

To examine the effect of seriwaste compost on soil properties, growth, yield and leaf quality of mulberry plant as well as rearing performance of silkworm.

Methodology:

Experimental site and design: The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of Bangladesh Sericulture Research and Training Institute (BSRTI), Rajshahi, Bangladesh (24E22'29" N and 88E37'3.84" E). This experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The same experiment was repeated for three years time. Three years old high-bush mulberry plantation system and BM-11 mulberry variety were selected. Mainly four commercial seasons for silkworm rearing followed in a year for Bangladesh. So, the mulberry leaves were required four times a year for silkworm rearing. According to the need, the mulberry garden was pruned four times in a year each after 3 months interval. The experimental treatments were as follows: T₁ = Control (Nothing was added) T₂ = CDC (Cow dung compost at 20 Mt haG¹ yearG¹) T₃ = BRBD (Recommended basal doses of BSRTI at 305 kg N, 105 kg K and 66 kg P haG¹ yearG¹, respectively with four split doses each after three months interval T₄ = BRBD+CDC (Recommended basal doses of BSRTI at 305 kg N, 105 kg K and 66 kg P haG¹ yearG¹, respectively with four split doses each after three months interval+cow dung compost at 20 Mt haG¹ yearG¹) T₅ = SWC (Seriwaste compost at 20 Mt haG¹ yearG¹) T₆ = BRBD+SWC (Recommended basal doses of BSRTI at 305 kg N, 105 kg K and 66 kg P haG¹ yearG¹, respectively with four split doses each after three months interval+seriwaste compost at 20 Mt haG¹ yearG¹). Five plants in each replication were randomly selected for recording the impact of various treatments in terms of growth and yield parameters viz. total branch number/plant, total branch height/plant (cm), length of the longest shoot (cm), node/meter, total shoot weight/plant (g), total leaf number/plant, 10 leaf area (cm2), 10 leaf weight/plant, total leaf weight/plant (g) and leaf yields/ha/year. Soil pH was determined in deionizer water using a soil-to-solution ratio of 1:2.5. Organic matter contents of soil, cow dung and seriwaste compost were determined by multiplying the percent value of organic carbon with the conventional Van Bemmelen factor of 1.724 and the nitrogen content of these samples was determined by distilling soil with alkaline potassium permanganate solution17. The distillate was collected in 20 mL of 2% boric acid solution with methyl red and bromocresol green indicator and titrated with 0.02 N sulphuric acids (H₂SO₄)18. Available S (mg kgG¹) of soil, cow dung and seriwaste compost were determined by calcium phosphate extraction method with a spectrophotometer at 535 nm16. The available K of soil, cow dung and seriwaste compost were determined was extracted with 1 NH₄ OAc and determined by an atomic absorption spectrometer17. The available P of soil, cow dung and seriwaste compost were determined by spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 890 nm. The samples were extracted by Olsen method with 0.5 M NaHCO₃ as outlined by Biswas et al.19. After extracting with DTPA, the Zn in the soil sample, cow dung and silkworm rearing waste compost was measured by an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS)20. The leaf samples of mulberry plant were collected in paper bags at 60 days after pruning at different heights of the plant (top, middle and bottom) and composite leaf samples were made. The collected leaves were shade dried for three days and then dried in hot air oven at 70EC for 1 h and were ground into powder for chemo-assay. The leaves obtained from different treatments were used for estimation of biochemical and mineral constituents viz: Leaf moisture contents and leaf moisture retention capacity (%) by the method of Soltanpour and Workman21 method, total mineral (%) by the method of Vijayan et al. 22, total sugar and reducing sugar content by Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method of Vijayan et al.22 and procedure of AOAC23, crude protein contents by the method of Miller24 and soluble carbohydrate content by the method of Loomis and Shull25 were estimated. Silkworm rearing experiment was conducted at 4 seasons in a year. For each treatment one egg lying was reared and three replications were maintained. After III molts, about 100 larvae/replication were maintained. Larvae was fed four times daily (6 am, 10 am, 4 pm and 10 pm) with healthy, fresh mulberry leaves. Young age larvae were fed with tender, succulent leaves, while mature and coarse leaves were fed to larvae when they grow till ripening. Cocoons were collected on the 5^th day of mounting and were assessed for commercial parameters viz. weight of 10 matured larvae, ERR, single cocoon weight, SR%, highest filament length, rendita and yields/100 dfls. Methods described by Wong26 were employed for the assessment of cocoon quality. All statistical analysis was conducted using GenStat 11th Ed for Windows.

Source of Information: American Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Technology

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.3923/ajpnft.2017.1.10

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study demonstrated that the combined application of seriwaste compost with BSRTI recommended basal dose of NPK in mulberry plant produces high yield of mulberry plant. The healthy leaves also improve the cocoon production. Seriwaste serves as good source of organic nutrients. The findings of the present study indicated that application of seriwaste compost with BSRTI recommended basal dose of NPK would be an advisable treatment that produces quality and quaintly mulberry leaf and cocoon production through improving the soil properties. This could be due to the presence of maximum nutrients (macro and micro) in available forms and rapidly balanced uptake of nutrients by the mulberry plant. Further studies will be conducted to optimization of seriwaste compost for mulberry leaf production in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal