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Characterization of Globally Diverse Blast-resistant Upland Rice (oryza Sativa L.) Germplasms Based on Morpho-physiological and Yield Attributes

Mst Tuhina-Khatuna
Senior Scientific Officer
Universiti Putra Malaysia

Mohamed M. Hanafi
Professor
Universiti Putra Malaysia

M. Y. Rafii
Professor
Universiti Putra Malaysia

M. Y. Wong
Professor
Universiti Putra Malaysia

Md. Aktar Uz Zaman
Senior Scientific Officer
Pulses Research Centre, BARI, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Upland rice is a valuable base population for protecting against genetic erosion and broadening the gene pool of rice germplasms, and rice is also the staple food of more than 100 million
people across the world. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to elucidate the performances of 27 globally diverse blast-resistant upland rice genotypes in terms of
morphological, physiological and yield trait characteristics and to determine the correlations between and assess the diversity among these characteristics. All of the genotypes were
evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed 18 traits with significant to highly significant variations among themselves.
The BRRI dhan42, BRRI dhan43, Ja Loy, C, Choke Tang and Chirikata 2 genotypes matured early, and the Chirikata 2, C, Choke Tang, BRRI dhan43 and Padi Belong genotypes were
best in terms of yield. The greatest heritability was recorded for the numbers of filled grains/panicle and the yield/plant, which demonstrated that these traits can be successfully
transferred to the offspring if selection for these characteristics is performed in a hybridization programme. The 27 genotypes were grouped into six clusters based on the
contributing morphological, physiological and yield characteristics. The first four principal components accounted for 40, 59, 70 and 79% of the total variation, respectively, which
indicated abundant genetic differences between these genotypes. The Chirikata 2, C, Choke Tang and BRRI dhan43 were selected as the best genotypes and could be used as valuable
resources for high-yielding, early maturing, blast-resistant cultivars and parental sources for hybridization programmes for challenging environments in the future.

Keywords: Morphology; principal component analysis; physiology; upland rice; yield attributes

Location: Universiti Putra Malaysia, Sergang, Malaysia

Start Date: 01-10-2013

End Date: 30-12-2013

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice, Diseases

Objectives:

This study was conducted to select potential genotypes to achieve higher yields and identify the most important characteristics for
breeding programmes by exploiting genetic variation, heritability and diversity analyses of the yields and related attributes of 27 blast-resistant genotypes.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the net house of Experimental Field #10 of the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) from August to December 2013. The experimental
site is located between 3°02′N and 101°42′E at an altitude of 31 m above sea level. The study was designed as a randomized complete block design
(RCBD) with three replications. Metal tanks were used for the planting of the rice genotypes. The tanks were filled with well-pulverized soil.

Twenty-seven blast-resistant upland rice genotypes (Table 1) selected from our previous study (Tuhina-Khatun et al. 2015) that originated from 11 diverse agro-ecological zones were used in this study. Thirty sun-dried seeds of each genotype were treated with 70% ethanol for 90 s to control seed-borne diseases and then placed on moist filter paper in Petri dishes for germination. After germination, 10-day-old seedlings were transplanted into the metal tanks. Only one seedling per hill was transplanted, and each replicate consisted of two hills for each genotype. The inter-plant and inter-row distances were maintained at 20 cm. The management practices, including irrigation, fertilization, weeding and spraying, were performed following standard agronomic practices (WARDA – IRRI).

Source of Information: ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA, SECTION B — SOIL & PLANT SCIENCE, 2016

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2016.1155640

Funding Source:

1. Islamic Development Bank

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study revealed the existence of a considerable level of diversity between the 27 blast-resistant genotypes. The greatest heritability and greatest genetic advance were recorded for the parameters of the number of filled grains/panicle and the yield/plant, which implies that these characteristics could be used to select upland accessions to achieve notable improvements in cultivation in changing environments, particularly in conditions of water scarcity in the tropics. The genotypes Chirikata 2, C, Choke Tang, BRRI dhan43 and BRRIdhan42 possess high yield potentials, mature early, and exhibit disease resistance and thus could be cultivated in blast-endemic areas. Furthermore, genotype crossings of IR 5533-55-1-11 × Chokoto 14 and IR 5533-PP 854-1 × Chokoto 14 could result in heterotic expression and substantial large variability in the segregating generations.

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