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Research Detail

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Latifa Akter
Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Sharmin Sultana
Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

Md. Lokman Hossain
Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Gynura procumbens belonging to Asteraceae family is a medicinal plant commonly found in tropical Asian countries such as Bangladesh, India, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam. Traditionally, it is widely used in many different countries for the treatment of a wide variety of health ailments such as kidney discomfort, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, constipation, and hypertension. Based on the traditional uses of G. procumbens, it seems to possess high therapeutic potential for the treatment of various diseases making it a target for pharmacological studies aiming to validate and provide scientific evidence for the traditional claims of its efficacy. As part of our ongoing research of traditional medicinal plants, this study evaluated the analgesic and neuropharmacological activity of Ethanol Extract of Gynura procumbens (EEGP) leaves. Method: The analgesic effect of EEGP was determined by the acetic acid-induced writhing test, tail immersion test and hot plate test using swiss albino mice as an experimental animal. Open field and hole cross test was used to determine the neuropharmacological activity of EEGP. Result: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannin, flavonoids, steroids, glycoside, alkaloids and terpenoids. The present study demonstrated that EEGP showed significant analgesic (p<0.05) effect at the dose level of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in acetic acid-induced writhing test, tail immersion test and hot plate test. EEGP decreased the movement of mice significantly at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight in the open field and hole cross test. The present study indicates that EEGP possesses analgesic and neuropharmacological activity in a dose-dependent manner. Hence, the present work was undertaken to evaluate and co-relate the bioactivity with the traditional uses of G. procumbens. So, the plant may be further subjected to chemical investigation to isolate the bioactive compound(s) responsible for its pharmacological activity.

  Gynura procumbens, Acetic acid, Tail immersion, Hot plate, Open field, Hole cross
  Gopalganj, Bangladesh
  00-00-2019
  00-00-2019
  Development of Host and Medicinal Plants
  Medicinal Plants

To evaluate and co-relate the bioactivity with the traditional uses of G. procumbens.

 

The leaves of G. procumbens were collected from Gopalganj, Bangladesh in January 2019. Later on, the plant was identified and verified by the senior scientific officer of Bangladesh National Herbarium, Mirpur, Dhaka, and the given accession code was DACB: 48247. About 200 gm of the powdered material was taken in a clean and flat-bottomed glass beaker and soaked in 5000 mL methanol (95%) (Merck, Germany) at 25±2 ºC for 15 days accompanying regular shaking and stirring. The solvent mixture was filtrated by a piece of sterile and white cotton material and finally using Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The solvent was totally removed by air drying and obtained 5 gm extract. The prepared extract was used for the phytochemical screening as well as pharmacological studies. Swiss-Albino mice of either sex having aged 4-5 weeks, obtained from the animal breeding house of Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh were used for the experiment. They were kept in standard environmental conditions and fed International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B) formulated food and water. As these animals are very sensitive to environmental changes, they are kept before the test for at least 4-5 days in the laboratory. Animals were maintained under standard conditions (temperature: (24.0±1.0 ?C), relative humidity: 55- 65%, and 12 hrs light/12 hrs dark cycle) with proper cleaning of husk and excreta. The drugs and chemicals involved in our study are Distilled water, Tween 80, Diclofenac sodium, Acetic acid. All the chemicals and solvent were of analytical grade. The crude ethanol extract of G. procumbens was qualitatively tested for the detection of different phytochemical groups like alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, reducing sugar, carbohydrates, steroids, and saponins following standard procedures. The study of analgesic activity of the Gynura procumbens was performed in animal models for both central and peripheral mechanisms of pain. The antinociceptive activity of the samples was studied using an acetic acid-induced writhing model in mice. The animals were divided into control, positive control, and two test groups with five mice in each group. The animals of test groups were given test samples at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. A positive control group was treated standard drug Diclofenac at the dose of 75 mg/kg body weight and the control group was treated with distilled water at the dose of 10 mL/kg body weight. After administration of the sample, the mice were observed for a specific contraction of the body referred to as ‘writhing’ and compared with the positive control group. A hot plate test was used to measure the response latencies based on the procedure described by Basak, A. et al., 2016. In this experiment hot plate was maintain at 50±5°C. The reaction time was recorded for animals pre-treated with distilled water (10 mL/kg 30 min before orally) as control, extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (30 min before), Diclofenac sodium (75 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally, 15 min before) as the positive control group. Animals were placed into the hot plate chamber and the time of latency was defined as the time period between the zero points when the animal was placed on the hot plate surface and the time when the animal licked its back paw or jumped off to avoid thermal pain. The latent period of response was taken as the index of antinociception. The procedure is based on the observation that morphine-like drugs selectively prolong the reaction time of the typical tail withdrawal reflex in mice. The animals of the positive control, control and test groups were treated with Diclofenac- Na (75 mg/kg body weight), water (10 mL/kg body weight) and test samples at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight respectively. 1 to 2 cm of the tail of mice was immersed in warm water kept constant at 55°C. The reaction time was the time taken by the mice to deflect their tails. The first reading was discarded and the reaction time was recorded as a mean of the next three readings. A latency period of 20 sec was defined as complete analgesia and the measurement was stopped when the latency period exceeded to avoid injury to mice. The latent period of the tail-flick response was taken as the index of antinociception and was determined at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min [14]. The purpose of this study was to examine the neuropharmacological effect of ethanol extract of leaves of Gynura procumbens on mice in a peripheral model of CNS activity test. Experimental animals were randomly selected and divided into four groups denoted as group-I, group-II, group-III, group-IV consisting of 5 mice in each group. Each group received a particular treatment i.e. control, positive control, and the two doses of the extract. Each mouse was weighed properly and the doses of the samples and control materials were adjusted accordingly. The Open Field Test (OFT) is clearly the most frequently used method of all behavioral tests in pharmacology and neuroscience. Despite the simplicity of the apparatus, however, open field behavior is complex. Consequently, it has been used to study a variety of behavioral traits, including general motor function, exploratory activity, and anxiety-related behaviors. The most consistent behavioral change is a hyperemotional response to novel environmental stimuli. The aim of this study was to characterize the emotional behavior of mice using the hole-board test. The number of head-dips in the hole-board test in single-housed mice was significantly greater. The spontaneous movement of the animals through the hole from one chamber to the other was counted for 5 minutes. The observations are made at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Results were expressed as mean±S.E.M. Variance was analyzed using One-way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Newman-Keul’s multiple comparisons test. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

  Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2019; 7(5): 52-56
  
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

The ethanol extract of Gynura procumbens has significant analgesic and CNS effects. The effect is dose-dependent and statistically significant. However, further studies are needed to isolate and purify the pharmacologically active compound(s) responsible for these biological activities.

  Journal
  


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