Siddique AB
Trainee Officer
Auto Crop Care Bangladesh Limited, Bangladesh
Bachchu MAA
Professor
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Uddin MN
Professor
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Nomun MAA
Junior Sector Specialist,
Potato Seed Production Program, BRAC Seed and Agro Enterprise, Bangladesh
Rana MS
Assistant Professor
Rabindra Maitree University, Faculty of Agriculture, Kushtia, Bangladesh
B. cucurbitae, Repellent, Ovipositional deterrent, Progeny development
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Pest Management
Extract (plant, seed)
The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh from July to December 2016. The entomocidal efficacy of botanical extracts was maintained on Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) in the laboratory in an ambient temperature, humidity and photoperiod of 27±2°C, 65±5(%) and L16:D8, respectively. The fresh healthy leaf of water pepper (Polygonum hydropiper), neem (Azadiracta indica), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), bullock’s heart (Anonna reticulata), castor (Ricinus communis) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus alba) were collected from the surrounding area of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh and were dried in shade but before making powder it was dried in an oven (Model Number: XTDQ-101-4 Drying Oven, Yancheng Hopebond Electric Co. Ltd., China) at 45-500 C for 6 hours. Then the plant materials were ground using an electric grinder (Nova Blackberry Blender, model: AD999, Bangladesh). The dust was passed through a 60 mesh sieve to obtain a fine powder. A hundred grams of each category of powder were taken in a 600 ml beaker and separately mixed with 300 ml of acetone. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes in a magnetic stirrer (600 rpm) and left to stand for 72 hours with shaking at several intervals. After that, the mixture was filtered through a filter paper (Whatman no. 1) and was allowed to evaporate with the help of a rotary evaporator (Lab Tech EV311H Rotary Evaporator, Manufactured in China). Then the lyophilized material has stored a refrigerator for further use as an extract. B. cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) were reared in the partially natural environment in a fruit fly rearing cage (60 cm × 50 cm × 45 cm) covered with nylon net and newspaper was placed ground of the rearing cage. Infested fruits were collected from the bitter gourd fields and were kept in a plastic jar covered with a muslin cloth. After 5-6 days, all similar larvae were replaced from bitter gourd to water gourd in the 1st rearing cage. After 2- 3 days later the larvae come out from the water gourd and formed pupation under the newspaper. Two rearing cage was needed in where one is for pupae collection (Figure 2) and another for sexually matured flies. All pupae were collected carefully and kept in a Petri dish and covered with sand or soil (Figure 3). It was placed in 2nd rearing cage (Figure 4). For preparing an artificial diet sweet gourd pulp (number 2), egg yolk (number 6), honey (4 tablespoons), multi-vitamin syrup (2 tablespoons), yeast (1 tablespoon) and sugar (8 tablespoons) ingredients were used. For making a thick syrup solution the ingredients were mixed in a blender and kept in a vacuum-protected pot, for further use it was preserved in the refrigerator. Protocol for primary screening: Six plant extracts viz. bullock’s heart, water pepper, castor, eucalyptus, neem and tobacco were taken to find out the effectiveness of repellency and an ovipositional deterrent against B. cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Before selecting the plant extracts, a pilot experiment was done with a 5% concentration of the plant extracts. Protocol for secondary screening: Three high-performance result showing extracts were selected in the secondary screening of the botanical extracts to find out the progeny (larvae and pupae recovered, and adult emerged) recover, also in repellent and ovipositional deterrent. The crude extracts were weighted with the help of electronic balance and dissolved with acetone solvent for preparing five concentrations (5.0, 4.0, 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5%) along with control, respectively. Three replications of each concentration were performed in each treatment. Fresh healthy bitter gourd fruits were spraying with different doses of extracts and dried at room temperature for two hours. Treated and untreated bitter gourd fruits were offered to 5 pairs of 10-15 days old gravid flies in plastic cages (measuring 45 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm) for 48 hours in a free choice bioassay for settling and oviposition response. A number of fruit flies settled on treated and untreated bitter gourd fruits were counted after every one-hour interval for 10 hours. The experiments were replicated three times. The fruits were removed from the cages and were kept for larval growth. After 12-15 days, a number of larvae were counted in each replication separately of the treated and untreated fruits. Percent repellent and percent ovipositional deterrent was calculated as follows: % Repellent = [{Half of the number of flies settled on both treated and untreated fruits - number of flies settled on treated fruit} / Half of the number of flies settled on both treated and untreated fruits] × 100. % Ovipositional deterrent = [{Half of the number of larvae on both treated and untreated fruits - number of larvae on treated fruit}/ Half of the number of larvae on both treated and untreated fruits] × 100. The counted larvae were kept in Petri dishes with sand and soil for adult emergence. After 7-8 days, later pupae were found in the soil. Finally, after 20- 25 days the emerged adult was counted from the treated and untreated fruits. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) in accordance with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) through MSTAT - C program. The treatment mean values were separated by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) and the graphical works were done through Microsoft Excel program.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2019; 7(3): 124-129
Journal