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Yield Response of a Mustard Mutant Variety to Different Times of Irrigation

A. J. Mila
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A. A. Sarkar
Agricultural Engineering Division, BINA, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

N. N. Karim
Agricultural Engineering Division, BINA, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

N. Islam
Department of IWM, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Bangladesh is an agricultural country. Different kinds of crops like cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and fruits are grown here. Among them, mustard is one of the major oilseed crops of Bangladesh that covers 66.22% of the total oilseed area (BBS 2011). The present area and production of mustard are 2.42 lac ha and 2.22 lac m ton, respectively. The average yield of mustard in Bangladesh is very low (0.9 t/ha) (BBS 2011) compared to that of other oilseeds growing countries in the world. The reasons for lower yield are lack of good quality mustard seeds, lack of inadequate irrigation water and lack of inadequate adoption of improved production technologies. Bangladesh is producing about 0.16 million tons of edible oil per year against the requirement of 0.5 million tons (Miah and Alam 2009). There has been a big gap between the supply and demand of edible oils, which has been met through imports incurring a big amount of foreign exchange every year. Single irrigation at the vegetative stage produced a higher yield than that of irrigation at flowering, pod formation and seed filling stages (Fateh et al. 2002). Two irrigations, one at pre-sowing and the other either at the initiation of branching (40 DAS) or at flowering stage (60 DAS) was statistically at par to 3 to 4 irrigation treatments but was significantly superior to pre-sowing irrigation treatment in terms of growth, yield attributes and yield (Jagdev et al. 2001). They also reported that the consumptive use of water increased but the water use efficiency decreased with an increasing number of irrigations. The consumptive use (CU) and crop coefficient value (CCV) increased with increasing irrigation frequency and water use efficiency (WUE) reversely related to irrigation frequency (Das and Roy 2003). The total water use and crop coefficient were higher by using protective irrigation twice to the crop and 0 - 15 cm of soil layer was the active root zone for moisture extraction (Roy et al. 2003).

Keywords: IWM, Cereals, Pulses, Oilseeds, Vegetables, Mustard, Fruits

Location: Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) farm, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Mustard

Objectives:

To determine the yield response of a Mustard mutant variety to different times of Irrigation

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) farm, Mymensingh. The topography of the land is medium-high and the soil belongs to the old Brahmaputra Flood Plain with a total N (%) of 0.067, available P (ppm) of 38.5, K (me %) of 0.107, and a pH value of 7.0. The bulk density of the soil ranged from 1.48 to 1.61 gm/cm3 (Sarkar et al.1990). The major climatic parameters of the experimental field viz., the air temperature (20.58 °C), humidity (82%), rainfall (0 mm), wind speed (1.08 km/h), sunshine (5.89 hrs), solar radiation (223 w/m2 ) and evaporation (2.27 mm) data were collected from the weathering yard of the Department of Irrigation and Water Management of Bangladesh Agricultural University. The experiment was set up in a randomized completely block design with four treatments and three replications. The plot size was 5 m × 4 m. The irrigation treatments were: I0: No Irrigation (control); I1: Irrigation at the vegetative stage (32 DAS) up to field capacity (FC), I2: Irrigation at flowering stage (53 DAS) up to field capacity (FC) and I3: Irrigation at the vegetative and flowering stages up to field capacity (FC), where, DAS is the days after sowing. The mustard crop was sown manually on 4th November 2009. The variety BINA Sarisha-4 was used and seeds were sown in line at the rate of 6.00 kg/ha. Prior to sowing, the soil was fertilized with per hectare basal dose of 150 kg N as urea, 20 kg P as TSP, 40 kg K as MoP, 14.4 kg S as Gypsum. Urea was applied in two equal splits; one at the active vegetative stage and the other at the flowering stage. The intercultural operation was done in proper time. Irrigation water of known volume was applied in the treatment plots with a hose pipe. Soil moisture was measured using a neutron moisture meter as well as gravimetrically at sowing, before and after irrigation, and at harvest. The crop was harvested on 14 February 2010. Data on the crop characters viz. plant height (cm), branch no./plant, number of pods/plant, pod length (cm), seed/pod, 1000 seed weight (g), seed yield (t/ha), straw yield (t/ha) were recorded. These data were then analyzed statistically. The sowing time soil moisture in different treatment plots ranged from 24.6 to 28.9% by volume at 15 to 60 cm soil depth. The harvest time soil moisture drastically reduced as there was no rainfall during the whole crop growing periods. The effect of irrigation on the yield and yield components of mustard mutant variety, BINA Sarisha-4 is presented. Irrigation showed a significant effect on plant height, branch number per plant, number of pods per plant, seeds per pod per plant, yield, and straw yield and a non-significant effect was found on pod length, and 1000 seed weight. The highest plant height (78.80 cm) was obtained in treatment I1 followed by I2 (75.80 cm) and the lowest (74.13 cm) in I0 (control). The highest number of branches/plant (2.13) was obtained in treatment I2 and the lowest (1.67) in treatment I0 and I1. Similarly, the highest number of pods/plant (52.67) and pod length (6.72 cm) were obtained in treatment I2 and the lowest in treatment I0. The number of seeds per pod per plant was highest (26.93) in treatment I2 which was 6% higher than the control (I0); but the number decreased with the increase of the irrigation frequency. The highest and almost similar 1000 seed weight (3.42 g) was obtained in all treatments except treatment I1. The highest straw yield (2.68 t/ha) was obtained in treatment I1 and the lowest (2.31 t/ha) in treatment I3. Irrigation showed a significant effect on the grain yield of mustard. The highest yield of 1.55 t/ha was obtained in treatment I1 and I3 and the lowest yield of 1.24 t/ha was obtained in treatment I₀ (control). This might be due to the reason of higher soil moisture content in the experimental field.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 26(1&2): 89-93, 2013 (December)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It showed that in November, December up to the 1st week of January, WT declined very slowly and then it declined at a fast rate. Thus, from November to January, the water table varied from 6.31 m to 9.18 m and at the harvest time of the crop at the end of February, WT depth was found to be 10.35 m. This deepwater table depth indicated that there might not have any upward flux of water through the capillary rise to meet up the ET demand of the crop. Thus, it was evident that the crop fulfilled its water requirement need by the higher residual soil moisture and applied supplemental irrigation at the vegetative stage to produce the optimum yield.

Knowledge Management: Journal