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Pesticide Residues in Some Selected Pond Water Samples of Bangladesh

M. Amin Uddin
Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Gonakbari, Savar. GPO Box-3787, Dhaka-1000

M. A. Auwal
Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka

M.A.Z. Chowdhury
Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Gonakbari, Savar. GPO Box- 3787, Dhaka- 1000

M. A. Rahman
Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Gonakbari, Savar. GPO Box- 3787, Dhaka- 1000

M. K. Alam
Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Gonakbari, Savar. GPO Box- 3787, Dhaka- 1000

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was undertaken to investigate the presence of pesticide residues in some selected pond z'ater samples of Bangladesh. Twenty-five water samples were collected and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique to determine the concentration levels of residues. The results indicated that some water samples contain different concentrations of organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticide residues. The residue level of malathion ranged from 0.0241 to 0.0463 ppm. Among carbamate pesticides, carbaryl was not detected but carbofuran was found in two samples that ranged between 0.0302 and 0.0629 ppm. Cypermethrin (pyrethroid) was the most frequent r: sidue observed in this investigation and was detected in four samples which ranged from 0.0141 to 0.0900 ppm. The residue level was u within the range as compared to the IAEA/FAO/Codex Alimentarious Guide line value of water quality.

Keywords: Water contamination, Pond water, Pesticide residues

Location: Nabinagar upazila (south zone) under Brahmanbaria district, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Contamination

Objectives:

To investigate the extent of contamination from pesticide residues and their concentration levels in water samples of different locations and propose a sound recommendation for minimizing the pesticide contamination of pond water in those locations of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Nabinagar Upazila (south zone) under Brahmanbaria district has been taken as the study area and the sampling locations are spread in five unions viz, Shibpur, Bitghar, Shyamgram, Ibrahimpur and Satmura union of this Upazila. The figure shows the sampling areas. Water samples were collected from different ponds of five unions under Nabinagar Upazila of Bangladesh. Samples were then taken to the laboratory as quickly as possible in s ass containers and kept in the refrigerator until extraction. Extraction of water sample (500 m1 each) was performed with 100 ml double distilled hexane in a separatory funnel with shaking for 5 minutes. Two further extractions with 25 ml hexane were done. The combined hexane extract was treated with 5 g anhydrous sodium sulphate to remove traces of water. The extract was vacuum evaporated in a Rota vapor and followed by complete evaporation of the solvent under a mild stream of nitrogen. The extract was subjected to clean-up using florisil column chromatography (DFG Manual of Pesticide Residue Analysis, 1987). The top 1.5 cm of the florisil column was packed with anhydrous sodium sulphate. Elution was done with 2'fa diethyl ether in hexane (5 ml/min). The eluate was concentrated in a Rota vapor and was dissolved in acetonitrile and then made to volume 1-2 ml for HPLC. Injections of the aliquots (usually 20 [t1) were done by micro syringe into HPLC. Tentative identification of the suspected pesticide was carried out in relation to the retention time of the pure analytical standard supplied by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Quantification was made with a freshly prepared standard curve of the relevant (standard) pesticide. The analysis was done by HPLC (Detector-Waters 486, Pump- waters 515). According to the results of this study, three samples were found to be contaminated with organophosphorus (Malathion) insecticide residues, one from Bitghar union (WS- 07; 0.0463 ppm), another from Shibpur union (WS-19; 0.0241 ppm), and the last one from Shyamgram union (WS-23; 0.0314 ppm). The concentration level of malathion was found within the WHO guideline value of water quality (0.04 ppm). Fenitrothion, fenthion and diazinon were not detected in any of the samples. This result matches the survey data which suggests the widespread use of malathion by the farmers of areas under investigation. Similar findings were reported by Fatta et al., (2007) in their study. Survey data of the present study indicate that no organochlorine but organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid pesticides have been applied by the farmers in the cultivating areas of Nabinagar Upazila. Organochlorines are restricted in agricultural use due to their long persistence in the environment. Also, these insecticides are extremely lipophilic in nature and resistant to biodegradation, which results in their accumulation and concentration in fatty tissues (Chowdhury ct al. 2010). On the other hand, local authorities have taken initiatives to raise awareness among the farmers and also encourage them to use synthetic pyrethroid pesticides instead of others because of their less detrimental impacts on the environment and public health.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 25(1): 93-98, 2012 (June)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of this study suggest that the water quality is becoming contaminated in terms of pesticide residues. This study can only provide some baseline data which deserves further investigation. However, continuous monitoring of residual pesticides’ level in different environmental samples and food materials are obvious to understand the trend of contamination. Consequently, new and vital control systems are expected to be implemented by the authorities as far as possible in the different parts of Bangladesh to control the reckless and indiscriminate use of pesticides.

Knowledge Management: Journal