LSD, Emerging disease, Cattle, Bangladesh
Pathology and Parasitology Division of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh
The study was conducted during the period of April, 2020 to July, 2020 and the study area was different places of Dinajpur Sadar upzilla of Dinajpur is located at 25.63° north latitude and 88.65° east longitude, a district in Bangladesh situated in the northern part of Bangladesh. The spatial location of the study areas was presented in the map using ArcGIS-ArcMap version 10.8 (ESRI, USA) software. During this study period, a total of 453 sick animals suffering from different diseases in the study area were considered as the sample size of the study. The data were recorded from the owner of the animal by visiting their farm. All the information of affected animals was recorded by a previously formed questionnaire with close interviews (Meher et al., 2018). The data on vaccination with goat pox vaccine was considered to determine the vaccination history. Close inspection was done carefully to observe the clinical signs (Meher et al., 2017) included the typical fever for three days and a marked decrease in the milk production at the first stage (acute form). Moreover, other clinical signs like nasal discharge, lacrimation, anorexia, emaciation, enlarged lymph nodes and lesions in the skin and oral mucous membranes were common in LSD which considered for clinical diagnosis (El-mandrawy and Alam, 2018). Depending on the case, Skin scraping was collected from the affected area and placed in dry clean sterile test tubes. However, all the skin scrapings and nodular pus were collected processed according to the methods followed by Fantaye and Melake (2018) and sent to the laboratory under the Department of Pathology and Parasitology of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh for laboratory examination. After that, each skin scraping was placed on to clean and dry glass slide and examined directly under a light microscope for detecting the presence of mites and mosquito larvae. Consequently, the positive sample was allowed to treat with few drops of 10% KOH to detect the presence of fungus (Fantaye and Melake, 2018; Greiner, 2012). This attempt distinguished the LSD from other skin diseases. After the collection of data, all the data were inputted in SPSS version 25.0 for statistical analysis. At first, data were subjected to Pearson’s Chi-square test. Before performing the Pearson’s Chi-square test all the assumptions were tested and found to be fit. Additionally, Phi and Cramer’V was calculated to measure the strength of the effect of the variables. In the case of the 2×2 contingency table the Phi and if the table is not 2×2 then Cramer’V value was considered. Among the variables, those were significant (p<0.05) in Pearson’s Chi-square test, allowed for univariate and multivariate logistic regression by forward LR method. All p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.