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Study on Radiation Interception and Use in Some Mustard Varieties

M.A. Awal
Department of CropBotany, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M.O. Gani
Department of CropBotany, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Aim: Solar radiation is the unique source of energy that drives the photosynthesis of green plants for producing biomass to a living being. Use efficiency of solar radiation to produce biomass has been quantified for many crops in field conditions but no study is undertaken for mustard although it is an important oilseed crop in the world as well as in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the radiation-use efficiency of the mustard crops. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in the Crop Botany Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the winter season extended from November 2011 to March 2012. Methodology: Treatments comprised six mustard varieties viz. BINAsarisha-3, BINAsarisha-4, BINAsarisha-5, BINAsarisha-6, BINAsarisha-7 and BINAsarisha-8 were grown following standard cultivation techniques to optimize the growth and development. Radiation measurements along the growing season were carried out during solar noon on some sunny days with a Radiometer connected to a 1m long Line Quantum Sensor. Results: Mustard varieties showed wide variation in terms of plant height, branch number, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter (DM) accumulation, yield components and yield and radiation interception and use. BINAsarisha-6 showed better performance on the aforesaid traits followed by BINAsarisha-7 while lower performance was observed in BINAsarisha-3and BINAsarisha-4. The higher seed yield (2.41 t ha-1) was obtained in the BINAsarisha-6, the variety also showed higher radiation-use efficiency, RUE (3.75 gMJ-1PAR) whereas the lower seed yield (about 2.1 t ha-1) was observed in the BINAsarisha-3 or BINAsarisha-4, the varieties also showed the lower RUE (<3 gMJ-1 PAR) which indicate that the higher accumulation of DM in BINAsarisha-6 variety as influenced by higher utilization of solar radiation effectively constitute the seed yield. The temporal RUE showed a much-fluctuated pattern in all the varieties and higher RUEs were observed at the later part of the crop growth. The variety BINAsarisha-6 also showed the higher seasonal mean RUE whereas BINAsarisha-4 showed the lower. Conclusion: Mustard varieties showed wide variation in growth, yield and radiation interception and use. Higher biomass production, as well as higher seed yield, is associated with higher utilization of solar radiation.

Keywords: Brassica spp.; Dry matter; Light utilization; PAR; RUE; Yield

Location: Crop Botany Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2011

End Date: 00-03-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mustard

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken with a view (i) to evaluate the growth and yield of six varieties of BINA mustard, (ii) to determine the solar radiation interception and its use efficiency by crop canopies of those mustard varieties and (iii) to correlate the yield and radiation use efficiency of said mustard varieties.

Methodology:

2.1 Experimental Site: The experiment was conducted in the Crop Botany Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the winter season extended from November 2011 to March 2012. Geographically the experimental field is located at 24°75′′ N latitude and 90°50′′ E longitude at the elevation of 18m above the sea level. There was moderate cold air during the month of November to early February and somewhat high warm air during the rest of the months. The average air temperature during the experimental period was 16.5°C to 26.9°C. The average relative humidity was 68% to 97% and the duration of total sunshine varies from 70 hours/month to 345 hours/month from 30 November to 15 March. 2.2 Land Preparation and Fertilization: The land of the experimental plot was opened on 25 November 2011 with a power tiller and it was made ready for sowing on 30 November 2011 by ploughing with a country plough followed by laddering. The corner of the land was spaded and visible larger clods were hammered to break into small pieces. All weeds and stubbles were removed from the land. The land was fertilized with Urea, Triple superphosphate (TSP), Muriate of potash (MP), Gypsum, Zinc sulphate and Boric acid @ 200, 150, 120, 100, 5 and 7.5 kg/ha. One-third of urea and entire doses of other fertilizers were incorporated into the soil during final land preparation and finally, the plots were made ready for sowing. The remaining amount of urea was top-dressed with 2 equal installments on 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS). 2.3 Experimental Treatment and Design: The experimental treatments are six high-yielding varieties of mustard viz. BINA sarisha-3, BINA sarisha-4, BINAsarisha-5, BINAsarisha-6, BINAsarisha-7 and BINAsarisha-8. The varieties were recently developed by the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA). The seeds of said varieties were collected from the Plant Breeding Division of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The size of the unit plot was 4m×4m. Distance between plots to the plot was 1 m. The row to row and plant to plant distances within a row was 25 cm and 5 cm, respectively. Seeds were sown in plots on 30 November 2011. After sowing, the seeds were covered with the loose soil by hand. At least three seeds were shown in each sowing point and one healthy seedling was kept after emergence.

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports 9(4): 11-23, 2020;

Article Link (Online Journal): Article no.AJARR.56015ISSN: 2582-3248

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Six BINAmustard varieties showed wide variation in radiation interception and use, and crop growth in terms of plant height, branch and leaf area development, dry matter accumulation, and seed yield. Crops grown with BINAsarisha-6 or BINAsarisha-8 varieties showed higher seasonal mean radiation-use efficiency (RUE) followed by BINAsarisha-7 or BINAsarisha-5. Similarly, crops grown with the varieties BINAsarisha-6 or BINAsarisha-7 showed higher seed yield followed by BINAsarisha-8 or BINAsarisha-5 which indicates that higher dry matter is produced due to higher RUE. Similarly, higher seed yield is ensured for the successful partitioning of biomass to the economic part(i.e., seed) of the mustard plant. A close correlation is found between the radiation-use efficiency and seed yield of mustard varieties except for BINAsarisha-3 or BINAsarisha-8 varieties.

Knowledge Management: Journal