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Morpho-physiological Attributes and Yield of Four Groundnut Genotypes as Influenced by Different Plant Spacing

K. M. Monir Hossain
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Nesar Uddin
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Masudul Karim
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Ashrafuzzaman*
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Crop Botany Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from November 2014 to April 2015 to study the morpho-physiological attributes and yield of four groundnut genotypes as influenced by different plant spacing. The experiment was laid out in two factors randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Four plant spacing viz. 30 cm × 15 cm, 30 cm × 20 cm, 40 cm × 15 cm and 40 cm × 20 cm were tested on four groundnut genotypes viz. BINA cheenabadam-1, BINA cheenabadam-2, BINA cheenabadam-3 and BINA cheenabadam-4. Results showed that plant spacing had a significant influence on growth and yield contributing characters. The highest pod yield (2.93 t ha–1) and harvest index (36.79%) were recorded in 40 cm × 15 cm spacing due to accommodation of a higher number of plants per unit area. The minimum number of pod plant–1(25.25) and pod yield (2.59 t ha–1) were recorded in 30 cm × 15 cm spacing. The pod yield decreased gradually with the increase of row spacing. The genotypes BINA cheenabadam-1, BINA cheenabadam-2 and BINA cheenabadam-3 performed superiority in morphological, physiological and yield contributing characters than the BINA cheenabadam-4 genotype. The interaction of genotype and spacing had a significant effect on morpho-physiological and yield contributing characters. BINA cheenabadam-1 and BINA cheenabadam-2 produced the highest pod yieldof2.98 and 3.28 t ha–1, respectively with 40 cm × 15 cm spacing whereas BINA cheenabadam-3 produced the highest pod yield (3.13 t ha–1) with 30 cm × 20 cm spacing although per plant yield was inferior to the closer spacing in all the genotypes. So, 40 cm × 15 cm spacing is the best spacing in terms of pod and seed yield in groundnut genotypes.

Keywords: Groundnut, Spacing, Morpho-physiology, Yield

Location: Crop Botany Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2014

End Date: 00-04-2015

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Ground nut

Objectives:

The present investigation was undertaken to study some morpho-physiological attributes of four groundnut genotypes under different plant spacing and to find out the optimum plant spacing for better yield in groundnut.

Methodology:

Four Groundnut genotypes were used as planting materials. The tested materials were collected from Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh. The experimental field was medium high land belonging to the Sonatala soil series of grey flood plain soil type under the Agro-ecological Zone-9 (AEZ-9) named old Brahmaputra Flood Plain. The soil was silty loam with imperfectly to poorly drained permeability. The experiment was laid out as a two-factor experiment in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replicates. The experiment consisted of 48 unit plots; each plot was 1 m × 1 m in size. Plot to plot distance was 0.5 m. The land of the experimental site was first opened in 1stweek of November 2014 with a power tiller. Later on, the land was ploughed and cross-ploughed three times followed by laddering to obtain the desirable tilth. The corners of the land were spaded and larger clods were broken into smaller pieces after ploughing and laddering all the stubbles and uprooted weeds were removed and the land was made ready. The fertilizers and manures were used following a recommended dose (BINA, 2012) in the experimental plots as urea @ 50 kg ha–1, TSP @ 150 kg ha–1, MP @ 150 kg ha–1, gypsum @ 100 kg ha–1and cowdung 1000 kg ha–1. Half of the amount of urea and a full dose of all other fertilizers and manure was applied at the time of final land preparation. The remaining amount of urea was top dressed on 30 DAS. Agronomic practices like irrigation, weeding, thinning, etc. were done accordingly. The plants were uprooted carefully for data collection. To study ontogenetic growth characteristics, a total of three harvests were made and at final harvest, data were collected on some morpho-physiological parameters, yield attributes and yield. The first crop sampling was done at 50 DAS and continued at an interval of 25 days up to 100 DAS i.e. till attaining physiological maturity. From each sampling, three plants were randomly selected from each plot and uprooted for collecting necessary parameters. The plants were separated into leaves, stems and roots and the corresponding dry weight was recorded after oven drying at 80 ± 2 °C for 72 hours. The plants of the given genotype under these three replications were harvested at a time when most of the pods become mature (about 90% of pods were mature). The mature pods were collected by hand and then allowed for drying well under bright sunlight. Finally, grain weights were taken on an individual plot basis at the moisture content of about 12% and converted into ton ha^–1. The data on the following yield components and yield were recorded. The collected data were analyzed statistically following the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique.

Source of Information: International Journal of Natural and social sciences, 2016, 3(4):35-42 ISSN: 2313-4461

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Achievement/Findings:

In a summary, it can be said that spacing had a significant influence on morpho-physiological parameters as well as yield and yield contributing characters of groundnut genotypes. The highest pod yield (2.93 t ha-1) and harvest index (36.79%) were recorded in 40 cm × 15 cm spacing. It can be concluded that 40 cm × 15 cm spacing was appeared as the best spacing in terms of pod yield as compared to the other spacing studied.

Knowledge Management: Journal