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Screening for Drought Tolerance in Wheat Genotypes by Morphological and Ssr Markers

Dr. Muhammad Shahidul Haque
Professor
Department of Biotechnology, BAU, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Nihar Ranjan Saha
Former MS Student
Department of Biotechnology, BAU, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Tariqul Islam
Principal Scientific Officer and Head
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Monirul Islam
Senior Scientific Officer
Biotechnology Division, BINA, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Soo-Jeong Kwon
Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju 28644, Korea

Swapan Kumar Roy
Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju 28644, Korea

Sun-Hee Woo
Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju 28644, Korea

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Drought stress has become a significant abiotic stress for wheat in Bangladesh. This study aimed to explore drought tolerance in Bangladeshi wheat based on morpho-physiological and molecular traits. Ten wheat genotypes selected based on the previous research were grown in pots under control (100% field capacity) and drought stress (30% field capacity), applied from third leaf stage till maturity. Drought stress affected the yield contributing characters and significantly reduced grain yield. Drought susceptibility index and drought tolerance efficiency were used as criteria for selection. Sonalika, Sourav, and BARI gom-28 were least affected and emerged as drought tolerant. Durum, Pavon-76, BARI gom-25, and BARI gom-33 were moderately tolerant, while BARI gom-24, BINA gom-1, and BARI gom-20 were susceptible as they were severely affected. Thirteen SSR markers linked to drought tolerance were used to characterize 26 wheat genotypes. A total of 73 alleles were detected with an average of 5.62 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) and Nei’s (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70:3321–3323; 1973) gene diversity were 0.69 and 0.73, respectively. The coefficient of genetic similarity matrix for all 325 pairs of genotypes ranged from 0.15 to 1.00 with an average of 0.57. Similarity indices-based cluster analysis separated 26 genotypes into different groups. Two tolerant genotypes, Sourav and Sonalika, and two moderately tolerant genotypes, Durum and Pavon-76, as identified by morphological study were grouped in cluster 1. These four genotypes, therefore, passed the screening for drought tolerance in molecular and morphological studies and are promising for cultivation in the drought-prone areas of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Diversity, Drought susceptibility index, Drought tolerance, Drought tolerance efficiency, SSR marker

Location: BINA, Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-11-2017

End Date: 31-03-2018

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To explore drought tolerance in Bangladeshi wheat based on morpho-physiological and molecular traits

Methodology:

Twenty-six germplasm were collected from Regional Wheat Research Center (RWRC), Rajshahi and Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh. The morphological screening experiment was carried out at the net house during the period from November 2017 to March 2018. Ten genotypes were selected for morphological screening on the basis of their performance in the previous year (Ahomed 2017). All of the pots contained 10 kg soil. Urea, MP (Muriate of Potash), TSP (Triple Super Phosphate), and Bio-fertilizer were applied according to Fertilizer Recommendation Guide (FRG 2017). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The total numbers of pots were 60 (10 × 3 × 2). Seven seeds were sown in each pot and three plants were left in each pot. Pots were covered by the net to protect the seeds from birds. The moisture content of the soil was determined by the appropriate gravimetric method. Drought condition (30% FC) was applied when three leaves were fully expanded. The controlled plants were at 100% FC. Polythene shade was applied to save the pots from raining during drought treatment. The plant height, length of flag leaf, the width of flag leaf, and flag leaf area were measured, and the number of leaves per plant was recorded from three plants of each pot before harvesting and the mean value was calculated. Leaf chlorophyll content was recorded using a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502 Plus, Konica Minolta, Japan) and the photosynthetic rate was measured from the flag leaf of the plant by a portable photosynthesis system (Li-6400XT, LI-COR, USA). The number of effective tillers was recorded at physiological maturity, and the spike length measured in cm, number of spikelet per spike, numbers of filled and unfilled grain per spike, numbers of filled and unfilled grain per spikelet, number of grains per plant, grain weight per plant, thousand seed weight, root length, root weight, shoot weight, root-shoot ratio, total dry matter, and days to harvest were recorded after harvesting from three plants of each pot and mean value of three plants was calculated and used to analyze. Drought tolerance efficiency, drought susceptible index and molecular data were analyzed. Data were also analyzed statistically and DMRT was used to compare the means.

Source of Information: Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 24:27–39 (2021)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12892-020-00036-7

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Considering the results of molecular and physiological characterization simultaneously, it was observed that the genotypes showed nearly distinct arrangement according to their performance in physiological characterization. Note-worthy, the marker-assisted study revealed a discrimination of 26 genotypes into four clusters. Two tolerant (Sourav and Sonalika) and two intermediate tolerant (Durum and Pavon-76) genotypes were in same cluster 1. As these four genotypes were found to be tolerant both in molecular studies by drought-linked markers and morphological studies of successive two years, these varieties can be selected for cultivation in the drought-prone north-western part of Bangladesh as drought tolerant variety.

Knowledge Management: Journal