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Urban Dairying: Nutrition Facts and Response to Milk Production

Md. Jasim Uddin
Department of Animal Nutrition, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Md. Emam Hossain
Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Jannatul Mawa Momu
Department of Animal Nutrition, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Md. Emdadul Haque
Department of Animal Nutrition, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Md. Kamruzzaman
Department of Animal Nutrition, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Urban dairy feeding was taken to assess the nutritional status relates with production cost at Sylhet City Corporation. Ten commercial dairy farms were randomly selected arranging into complete randomized design and data on feed and nutrient intake, milk production and milk price were analyzed using SAS computer program. More than 90% farmers were accustomed of dairying as livelihood with or without literacy. The 40% farms avoided straw feeding providing high (p<0.05) concentrate (2.0 to 9.0 kg) with <1.0 Kg DM grass /cow/day. Low concentrate (1.75 kg/d/cow) feeding group (10%) got the highest profit. A robust (p<0.001) difference in ME and CP feeding was observed among the cows ranging from 32 to 104 MJ and 0.61 to 1.89 kg influenced 5 to 14 L of milk per cow per day. Farmers got return from a cow BDT 8032 per month with 1:1.74 cost-benefit ratio. A 85% concentrate-based feeding reduced milk production (P<0.05) elevating production cost BDT 40.0 - 57.0/L. The emitted equations for ME, CP and DM intake was Y = 1.835x + 64.47 (R² = 0.015); Y = 0.001x+16.64 (R² = 1E-0.5) and Y = 0.207x + 6.913 (R² = 0.016). Cow producing 10 L of milk consumed 6.91 kg DM feed with 64 MJ ME and 16.5% CP density. Milk production trend of cows (n = 130) were reflected in regression equation Y = 0.013x+8.846 (R2 = 0.066) focusing the trend of production cost Y = -1.734x + 56.99 (R² = 0.049). Cow potential to 7 L milk/d fed concentrate-based ration may leads to an economic loss unless incorporating plenty of green grass in urban dairy ration.

Keywords: Urban dairy, Nutrition, Milk

Location: Sadar Upazilla Veterinary Hospital, Sylhet

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Milk

Objectives:

To assess the nutritional status of milk relates to production cost at Sylhet City Corporation.

Methodology:

A total of 70 registered commercial dairy farms under Sadar Upazilla Veterinary Hospital, Sylhet were observed and 10 commercial dairy farms were randomly selected to collect the data on urban dairy management. The data were collected using a questionnaire regarding the feeding of milking animals, total milk production and price of milk. Feed samples were collected and analyzed chemically according to AOAC method [5]. Crude protein (CP) intake was considered deducting CP refused in feed leftover and CP offered in the feed. CP of feed was determined from total N content (Kjeldhal method) multiplied by 6.25 factor. Likewise, ether extract (EE) and total ash (TA) were determined using Sohxlet apparatus (at 55 0C 6 hours) and the Muffle furnace (at 600 0C for 6 hours). In vitro Organic Matter Digestibility (IVOMD) and Metabolizable Energy (ME) contents of feed samples were measured allowing the procedure of Menke et al. The inoculums were filtered with a filter cloth and collected immediately after slaughtered cattle and carried out to the laboratory using thermo flask containing 390C warmed water. The incubation procedure was as reported by Menke and Steingass [7] using 120 ml calibrated transparent plastic syringes fitted with a silicon tubes. The 200 mg weighed samples (n=3) were carefully dropped into syringes and 30 ml of inoculums containing cheesecloth strained rumen liquor and buffer (1:1 ratio) under continuous flashing with CO₂. The incubation was carried out at 39°C and the volume (ml) was measured at 12 and 24 hours interval. Using the chemical composition of feed ingredients and produced net gas corrected with a blank sample gas, the results of IVOMD and ME values were calculated by using the following equations [11]. For roughages feed: IVOMD (%) = 16.49 + 0.9042 GP + 0.0492 CP + 0.0387TA; ME (MJ Kg^-1) = 2.20 + 0.1357 GP + 0.0057 CP + 0.0002859 EE. For concentrate feed: IVOMD (%) = 9 + 0.9991 GP + 0.0595 CP + 0.0181 TA; ME (MJ Kg^-1) = 1.06 + 0.1570 GP + 0.0084 CP + 0.0022EE – 0.0081 TA (Where, IVOMD = In vitro organic matter digestibility (%), ME = Metabolizable Energy in MJkg^-1 DM, GP=Gas Production in ml per 200 mg DM, CP=Crude Protein in g kg^-1 DM, TA=Total Ash in g kg^-1 DM, EE=Ether Extract in g kg^-1 DM). Data were analyzed using SAS, 2007 version 9.1.3 statistical computer program in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) considering feed intake, CP intake, ME intake, milk production and profit as treatment. Finally, the trend of feed intake, protein and energy consumption of milking cows, milk production and returns were calculated by means of the regression method.

Source of Information: International Journal of Natural Sciences (2020), 10(1):13-20

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Scarcity of green roughage guided to high concentrate feeding maintaining acidic rumen of dairy cows. Urban dairy farmers are more susceptible to commercial ready concentrate feed that may meet up the required nutrients but may reduce animal performance. Cows produce less than 7 L/d milk production may lead to an economic loss unless providing grass based ration.

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