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Assimilation of Grain on Yield and Yield Attributes of Rice (oryza Sativa L.) Genotypes Under Drought Stress

Sharifunnessa Moonmoon
Former PhD Student
Department of Crop Botany, BAU, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Solaiman Ali Fakir
Professor
Department of Crop Botany, BAU, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Dr. Md. Tariqul Islam
Principal Scientific Officer and Head
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The current unpredictable climate changes are causing frequent and severe droughts. Such circumstances emphasize the need to understand the response of plants to drought stress, especially in rice, one of the most important grain crops. Therefore, a pot experiment was carried out in two aman seasons under drought to find out drought-tolerant rice genotypes based on the assimilation of grain filling rate and yield and yield attributes. Twelve treatments (6 genotypes × 2 irrigation (40 % FC and 100 % FC) were arranged in CRD and the experiment was carried out at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Bangladesh. Drought was imposed at flowering) and continued to maturity where assimilation of grain and yield data were recorded. Growth and important yield attributes were significantly (P>0.05) decreased at 40% FC in both seasons. At 40 % FC, drought tolerance mechanism(s) was done based on effective tillers hill^-1, total spikelet's panicle^-1, filled grains panicle^-1, 1000-grain weight and grain yield hill^-1. The rice genotypes Binadhan-13 and NERICA mutant showed less percent reduction in yield and yield attributes comparatively rest of the genotypes. Therefore, based on grain filling rate and yield attributes Binadhan-13 and NERICA mutant showed high tolerance in comparison to other genotypes.

Keywords: Crop phenology, Drought, Grain filling, Rice, Spikelet, Stress yield

Location: BINA, Mymensingh

Start Date: 01-07-2013

End Date: 31-12-2014

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Rice, Drought

Objectives:

To assess the effect of drought on grain filling, yield and yield attributes of the rice genotypes and find out drought tolerant genotype

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the pot yard of the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. The experimental site falls under the AEZ (Agro-Ecological-Zone)-9 (Old Brahmaputtra Floodplain) of Bangladesh and situated at latitude 24.75° N and longitude of 90.50° E. The soils of the experiments were collected from the field of BINA Farm. The topsoil was non-calcareous Dark Grey Floodplain with a loamy texture belonging to the AEZ Old Brahmaputtra Floodplain. The collected soil was pulverized. inert materials, visible insect pest and plant propagules were removed. Pots are filled with topsoils. The pot was 25 cm deep with 27 cm diameter at the top. The pots were placed under a polythene sheet at the pot yard of Crop Physiology Division, BINA, Mymensingh. The soil moisture stresses were calculated based on field capacity (FC). Gravimetric Method determined FC. FC of the soil was used as 100 % (control) and 40 % of FC was used as drought stress. Soil with pot weight of control treatment was 13 kg and that of drought (40 % FC) was 12 kg. All soil pots were fertilized with urea, TSP, MP and gypsum @ 3.08, 0.70, 1.12 and 0.707 g pot-1, respectively. All TSP, MP, Gypsum and one-third of the urea were applied as a basal dose. The remaining two-thirds of the urea was applied in two equal splits in each pot at 25 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT). One seedling was transplanted in a puddle pot. For gap-filling, there were extra seedlings preserved. All necessary intercultural operations, mainly weeding, and irrigation was done as and when necessary. The pot experiment was conducted with six rice genotypes viz. Binadhan-13, BRRI dhan34, Ukunimadhu, RM-100-16, Kalizira and NERICA mutant. The experiment was set in a two factorial CRD with three replications in two ‘aman’ seasons (2013-2015). The first factor was rice genotypes and the second factor was irrigations: control (100% FC) and drought (40% FC) (Fang et al., 2017) stresses treatments at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Drought was imposed at grain filling (heading) and continued to maturity where assimilation of grain and yield data were recorded. Ten spikelets were harvested from the middle of the panicles of three plants of each treatment at a 3-day interval starting from fertilization to maturity. Ten harvests were made from anthesis to maturity at every 3-day intervals. Dry weights of those grains were recorded. The grain weight sample was dried at 800 C for 72 hours. Yield data were harvested when 80% spikelets attained maturity. Effective tiller hill-1 (number), total grains panicle-1 (number), filled grains panicle-1 (number), 1000-grain weight (g), Grain yield hill-1 (g), and % Sterility were recorded. The percent reduction of each parameter under drought stress compared to control was calculated for each genotype using the formula: Relative increase or decrease (%) = (Data for control treatment – Data for drought treatment)/ (Data for control treatment) × 100. Mathematically, the (-) ve value indicates an increase and (+) ve one decrease. The collected data were analyzed statistically following Completely Randomized Design by MSTAT-C computer package program developed by Russel (1986). Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (Gomez and Gomez 1984) adjudged the treatment means.

Source of Information: Fourrages 241(3):85-98 (2020)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343722521_Assimilation_of_grain_on_yield_and_yield_attributes_of_rice_Oryza_sativa_L_genotypes_under_drought_stress

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Drought stress during assimilation in grain highly reduced yield and yield attributes of rice genotypes. Grain growth rate (Spikelet dry weight over time) showed significant interactions between genotypes and irrigation treatments, drought and control. Relative reduction, at 40% FC compared to control, spikelet dry weight was almost half in Binadhan-13 and NERICA mutant genotypes compared to all others. Interaction between genotypes and irrigation showed highly significant differences in general in yield attributes like effective tillers hill-1, total grains panicle-1, filled grain panicle-1, % sterility, 1000-grain weight and grain yield hill-1. This means some genotype performed better than others in any of irrigation, drought or control treatment. However, the two genotypes, Binadhan-13 and NERICA mutant, showed lower reduction under drought to that of control for yield and yield attributes. In general, relative reduction for different traits was lower in tolerant genotypes, Binadhan-13 and NERICA mutant. Based on above results relative reduction of growth traits and yield under drought stress compared to control could be used as indices for selection of drought tolerant genotypes.

Knowledge Management: Journal