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Decomposition Characteristics of Different Organic Materials Under Different Soils and Region (2015-2016)

M. E. ALI
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. F. A. ANIK
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. RAHMAN
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. A. HOSSAIN
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. J. ALAM
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

S. M. M. ALAM
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. A. H. BHUIYAN
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field incubation experiments were conducted at Central Research Farm of BARI, Joydebpur, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore and Wheat Research Centre, Nashipur, Dinajpur during 2015-2016 to estimate the decomposition rate of different organic materials. There were eight treatments like T₁: Rice straw, T₂: Corn straw, T₃: Wheat straw, T₄: Cowdung, T₅: Cowdung slurry, T₆: Poultry manure, T₇: Poultry manure slurry and T₈: Vermicompost. Nylon mesh bag (0.075 mm mesh size) was used in this incubation experiment. Organic materials containing mesh bags were placed horizontally in 10-12 cm soil depth. The nylon mesh bags were collected from the field during different periods of time. The mass loss of organic materials was calculated over a period of incubation and the decomposition rates (k) were estimated from their remaining C by fitting a single-pool exponential decay model over time of field incubation. The highest mass loss occurred in crop straw and lowest in manure slurry and animal manure showed the intermediate loss. In the case of C decomposition, the highest decomposition rate was observed in corn straw at all three locations where manure and manure slurry showed lower decomposition during the 6 month period of decompositions.

Keywords: Soil type, Organic mater, Decomposition rate, Nylon mesh bag, Soil fertility

Location: Central Research Farm of BARI, Joydebpur, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore and Wheat Research Centre, Nashipur, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2015

End Date: 00-00-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil fertility

Objectives:

To investigate the effect of soil types and organic materials properties on decomposition rate, several experiments were carried out using nylon mesh bags under field conditions with different soil types in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at three different locations like Central Research Farm of BARI, Joydebpur, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore and Wheat Research Centre, Nashipur, Dinajpur. The soils of Joydebpur location belongs to clay loam textural class while Jessore and Dinajpur were sandy loam. The characteristics of initial soil are 0-15 cm depth. Collection and preparation of organic materials: Eight types of organic materials comprising crop straw, manure and slurry were used in the experiment like Rice straw, Corn straw, Wheat straw, Cowdung, Cowdung slurry, Poultry manure, Poultry manure slurry and Vermicompost. Straws were collected from the experimental plots of Central Research Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur immediately after harvest and manure and slurry were from Pazulia, Gazipur. All the materials were air-dried at room temperature. Plants materials were chopped into small pieces (2 cm) and organic manures and slurry were ground and passed through a 5mm sieve for field incubation experiments. In addition, sub-samples of oven-dried organic materials were ground into 0.5mm with a Foss Laboratory Mill for chemical analyses. Determination of total N was firstly digested with sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and then hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) according to the steam distillation method (Bremner and Mulvaney, 1982). Determination of organic C was accorded to the wet digestion method (Nelson and Smmers, 1982). The initial chemical composition of organic materials is presented. Preparation of Nylon mesh bag for incubation experiment: Fifty grams ground organic material (2 mm) was placed into 0.075 mm diameter nylon mesh bag (20 x 15 cm). The 0.075mm mesh size was small enough to minimize loss of fragments, but large enough to allow colonization by microorganisms and to reduce alteration of the microclimate (Tian, 1992). A total of 8 sampling period viz, 1 month, 3 month, 6 month, 9 month , 12 month, 18 month, 24 month, and 36 month were employed over a three-year period of field incubation at three different locations. A total of 576 litterbags (8 types’ organic materials, 3 replicates, 8 decomposition periods and 3 locations) were prepared. A total of 192 litterbags were randomly horizontally buried to eight experimental plots at 10-12 cm soil depth at each location. Each sampling period contains one plot. The plot size was 2.5m x 1.5m and no plants were grown in the plot during the experimental period. The experiments were started on 5^th November 2015 at Joydebpur, 11^th November 2015 at Jessore and 28^th November 2015 at Dinajpur. Here we collected the samples until 6 month period of decomposition and prepared the report based on 3 sampling times. The rest of the sampling will be done at a scheduled time. Sampling and analysis: The bags were collected from the field after their settlement at 1 month, 3 month and 6 month and cleaned through a gentle flow of water and then air-dried for some days. After air drying, the bags were oven-dried for 2 days at 65⁰C and biomass losses of organic materials were then recorded. After that, the samples were prepared for analyzing carbon and nitrogen using standard procedure. Considering that mass loss or C decomposition over time followed the first-order exponential single-pool decay model (Lekasi et al., 1999), the decomposition rate constant (k) was calculated using the following equation with a Sigma Plot13 software package.

Yt = Y₀ +a*exp^-kt(1). Where Yt is the % dry weight of biomass at t; Y₀ is the % dry weight of biomass or C remaining when the time is approaching infinite; a is a constant and k is the decomposition rate (month^-1).

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2015-2016, Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The data obtained in the present study for biomass loss of different organic materials at different locations. The biomass loss rate of different organic materials was rapid during the initial phase of decomposition and then generally slowed down after one month over the 6 months period of incubation. The highest mass loss was observed in rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw and the lowest were in the manure and slurry at all three locations. The biomass loss among organic materials was ranked as corn straw > wheat straw > rice straw > cowdung > poultry manure > cowdung slurry > vermicompost > poultry manure slurry at Joydebpur location. A more or less similar trend was recorded in other two lacation namely Jessore and Dinajpur. This study revealed that organic material decompositions in different soils are different irrespective of organic material type.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings