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Effect of Raised Bed Planting and Potassium Application on the Mitigation of Soil Salinity and Yield of Maize (2015-2016)

N.C. SHIL
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. M. UDDIN
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

S I. KHAN
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A.T. M. A. I. MONDOL
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. J. ALAM
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

I. S. M. FORHAD
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. ISLAM
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

R. A. BEGUM
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment on hybrid maize (cv. BARI maize-9) was conducted in coastal saline soil at Hazirhatt, Noakhali under Young Meghna Estuarine Floodplain (AEZ-18) and also at Kuakata, Patuakhali under Ganges Tidal Floodplain (AEZ-13) during late rabi 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. The objectives were to test the possibility that salinity damage can be reduced by elevating K fertilization rate and to study the effects of planting method and K fertilization interactions on maize yield and nutrient uptake under salt stress conditions. Four rates of fertilizer K (Native K, 100% STB K, 125% STB K and 150% STB K) were tested combining with two planting methods (Flat land and Raised bed) in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Other nutrients were also applied following STB method. Prior to seed sowing, the salinity level was low (EC: 2.5 to 2.78 dS m^-1). But salinity level reached the peak in April (EC: 8.78 and 8.96 dS m^-1 for flat land and raised bed plot, respectively) at Hazirhat. But at Kuakata, the salinity level was much higher 1 (2.16 and 12.46 dS m^-1) for flat land and raise bed, respectively. The salinity intensity dropped at Patuakhali in the second year due to off and on rain during the growing period, which reflected have a higher yield (7.09- 10.10 t ha^-1) as against 6.84- 9.17 t ha^-1 in the first year irrespective of treatment. The higher rates of K contributed to 29- 40% and 23-29% increased yield over control as against 17 and 14% with STB dose for Noakhali and Patuakhali, respectively, which implies the necessity of a higher dose of K in salt-affected soil in augmenting yield. Different combinations contributed to 19-43% and 11-42% yield benefits over control for Noakhali and Patuakhali, respectively where raised bed with a higher dose of K (K₄ x M₂) gave numerically better result over other combinations. The contribution of a raised bed in combination found to be 8.3 and 8.8% for Noakhali and Patuakhali, respectively. Thus the application of 25-50% higher rates of K over present STB dose under raised bed method of cultivation could be useful in minimizing salt stress and optimizing the yield of hybrid maize in the study area.

Keywords: Salinity, K fertilizer, Planting method Maize yield, Nutrient uptake, Salt stress, Soil Salinity, Maize

Location: Hazirhat, Noakhali, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2015

End Date: 00-00-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil fertility, Maize, Soil salinity

Objectives:

(i) To test the possibility that salinity damage can be reduced by elevating K fertilization rate and

(ii) To study the effects of planting method and K fertilization interactions on maize yield and nutrient uptake under salt stress condition;

Methodology:

A field experiment was conducted to observe the effect of raised bed planting and potassium application on the minimization of salinity stress to hybrid maize grown in salt-affected soil. The experiment was conducted in coastal saline at Hazirhat, Noakhali under Young Meghna Estuarine Floodplain (AEZ-18) during late rabi 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. The soil of the study site is Calcareous Alluvium and loamy in texture having 1.43 g cm^-3 bulk density. The initial soil moisture content was 23.74% while field capacity was 24.26%. The soil is alkaline in reaction (pH 7.8) initially nonsaline and low in organic matter content. Exchangeable Ca, Mg and Na contents were high while K content was low (0.16 cmol kg^-1). The available S status was high, zinc was medium while total-N content was low. There were two sets of planting methods flat land and raised bed and four levels of potassium (0, 100% STB, 125% STB and 150% STB), which formulated 8 treatment combinations. This experiment was simultaneously conducted at Kuakata, Patuakhali under Ganges Tidal Floodplain (AEZ-13). The experiment was conducted in two factors RCB design with three replications. Potassium dose was estimated based on the soil test value as 89, 111 and 134 kg K ha^-1 and 54, 68 and 81 kg ha^-1 for Noakhali and Patuakhali, respectively. The requirement of other nutrients was also estimated following STB approach as N₂₇₄P₅₇S₃Zn₁B₁kg ha^-1for Noakhali and N₂₉₃P₆₈S₀Zn₄B₁kg ha^-1for Patuakhali. The plot size was 4m x 5m for both raised bed and flat land. The seeds of hybrid maize (cv. BARI HM 9) were sown on 15 December 2015 at Hazirhat and 19 January 2016 at Kuakata maintaining a spacing of row to row 75 cm and seed to seed 25 cm. The entire amount of P, Zn, B and ²/₃^rd K was applied at basal prior to sowing. Nitrogen as urea was applied in 3 equal splits at 5 days after germination, stem elongation and teaseling stage. The rest ¹/₃^rd K was applied with a second dose of N at the stem elongation stage. All intercultural operations were done as per the requirement of the crop following prescribed protocols. Soil salinity was monitored at 15 days intervals starting from sowing to just before harvest. The crop was harvested in its maturity on 28 April and 17 May of 2016 at Hazirhat and Kuakata, respectively. Data on yield components like plant height, cobs plant^-1, grains cob^-1, 100 seed weight, etc and grain yield were recorded from 10 randomly selected plants as per treatments and replication. After collection, the samples were analyzed statistically following MSTAT-C software.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2015-2016, Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It may be concluded that a higher level of K (25-50% overdose of STB as per FRG-2012) is beneficial in obtaining significantly higher yield from salt-affected soil of Hazirhat, Noakhali (AEZ-18) and Kuakata, Patuakhali (AEZ-13). The benefit of raised bed planting method in terms of yield is not so encouraging (4-6%) but an elevated level of K under raised bed method of cultivation could be useful in minimizing salt stress and optimizing the yield of hybrid maize in the study area.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings