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Effect of Poultry Litter Biochar on Maize in Acidic Soil (2018–2019)

M. M. Masud
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

R. Sen
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A. Barman
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

I. S. M. Farhad
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

R. Khatun
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

S. Akhter
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Despite the recent interest in biochars as soil amendments for improving soil pH, soil quality and increasing soil carbon sequestration, there is inadequate knowledge on the soil amendment properties of poultry litter biochar (PLB) produced from poultry litter (PL) and under pyrolysis conditions. Three rates of PL and PLB (3, 6, and 9 t ha^–1), compare to dolomite @ 1 t ha^–1 and no amending materials with recommended dose chemical fertilizer (RDCF) were investigated. Composite soil samples were collected to the depth of 0–15 cm and analyzed for bulk density, total porosity, pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium using standard procedures before and after biochar application. The results showed the application of biochar significantly reduced soil bulk density and exchangeable acidity when compared with a control (p < 0.05). Moreover, the total soil porosity, soil pH, total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, available phosphorus and potassium were significantly increased in the soil. Compare to poultry litter (PL), PLB exhibited a higher soil pH and organic carbon with the magnitude of the increase dependent on the amount of biochar incorporated into the soil. The yield of the BARI Khoi Bhutta using RDCF weighed 3.46 t ha^–1at Gazipur and 3.31 t ha^–1at Narsingdi. Obviously, PLB increased the grain yield from 4.34 t ha^–1to 5.29 t ha^–1at Gazipur 4.17 t ha^–1to 5.34 t ha^–1Narsingdi, where the highest yield found by the addition of 9 t ha^–1PLB, respectively. Compared with the unamended control, yield increase up to 50% at 9 t ha^–1 of biochar treated soil, whereas yield increases 20% at 1 t ha^–1 of dolomite treated soil. The highest total organic carbon was obtained where a higher dose of biochar applied, which leads to an increase in soil organic carbon. Further study needed to the stability of carbon in their respective field.

Keywords: Soil fertility, Soil pH, Soil nutrients, Acidic soil, Growth

Location: Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2018

End Date: 00-00-2019

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Soil acidity

Objectives:

The study aims to assess the effects of chicken manure biochar on soil chemical properties including exchangeable bases (Na, K, Mg, Ca); soil pH and soil nutrients (such as N, P, K) for acidic soil to investigate their amelioration effect on soil acidity as well as to evaluate the soil fertility and soil conditions for plant establishment and growth using maize as selected plant species.

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted on Narsinghdi (24°8′7′′N, 90°46′55′′E) and Gazipur (23°14′02.5′′N, 92°00′1.6′′E) belonging to the acidic soil during the rabi season of 2018-2019. Soil samples (0-15 cm) collected from arable fields and analyzed some important soil physical and chemical parameters of the experimental soil. The poultry litter was collected from a suburb of Gazipur region. Poultry litter was air-dried at room temperature and make into small pieces then placed in biochar making device (made in Soil Science Division, BARI) and pyrolyzed under oxygen-limited conditions. The pyrolysis temperature was raised to the selected value of 700°C at a rate of approximately 20°C per minute and held constant for 2 h, then the biochar was allowed to cool to room temperature and ground to pass a 0.25 mm sieve. All biochar samples were examined to determine their main characteristics without further treatment. After being thoroughly mixed with deionized water at a ratio of 1:20 and equilibrated for 1 h, the pH of the biochars was measured by Metler Toledo S220 with a combined electrode. The CEC of the soil samples was measured by the ammonium acetate compulsory displacement method. Exchangeable base cations were extracted with 1.0 M ammonium acetate (pH 7.0). Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were measured with AAS, and K⁺ and Na⁺ with a flame photometer. The phosphorus was determined colorimetrically after digesting the biochars with sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The unit plot size was 3m ´ 2m and plant spacing was 60 cm ´ 20 cm. “BARI Sweet corn-1” maize seeds were placed into the experimental field in January 2018. The experiment consisted of eight treatments, viz. T₁ = Poultry litter @ 3 t ha^-1, T₂ = Poultry litter @ 6 t ha^-1, T₃ = Poultry litter @ 9 t ha^-1, T₄ = Poultry litter biochar @ 3 t ha^-1, T₅ = Poultry litter biochar @ 6 t ha^-1, T₆ = Poultry litter biochar @ 9 t ha^-1, T₇ = Agricultural lime 1 t ha^-1, T₈ = control. The recommended dose of fertilizer for the crop was N₂₅₅ P₅₀ K₁₂₀S₄₀ Zn₅ B₂ kg ha^-1. Urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and boric acid were used as a source of N, P, K, S and B, respectively. All P, K, S, B and boichar, and ¹/₃ N were applied at the time of final land preparation and the remaining ²/₃ N was applied in two equal installments at 25 and 50 days after transplanting. All the intercultural operations such as irrigation, weeding, insect control etc were done as and when necessary. Harvesting of maize was done when the cob became mature and turned a reddish color. Initial soil samples were taken from the site at the depth of 0–15 cm before the experiment. The soil samples were thoroughly mixed to form a composite soil sample and used for the determination of the soil physical and chemical properties. Also, core soil samples were collected from 24 plots at the depth of 15 cm in each plot at 90 d and used for the determination of soil bulk density. Soil bulk density was determined using the core method (Blake and Hartge, 1986) in which a stainless steel core (5 cm in diameter and 10 cm in height) was used to collect soil core to determine soil bulk density (Bd) in each sampling time during incubation. The software package, Statistix-10 (Analytical Software. Tallahassee, Fla, USA) was used for the statistical analysis of data. A one-way analysis of variance was undertaken for each time interval of the incubations to determine significant differences among treatments. The significant effects for various treatments were detected using t-test.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2018–2019, Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

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Achievement/Findings:

Soil pH value increased due to biochar and lime addition to the soil. Application @ 9 t ha^-1biochar obtained from poultry litter was found to be the most effective in the soil amendment process. Moreover, maize yield increased up to 50% t ha^-1, while PLB applied 9 t ha^-1. The highest total organic carbon was obtained where a higher dose of biochar applied, which leads to an increase in soil organic carbon. Further study needed to the stability of carbon in their respective field.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings