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Environmental Migration from Coastal Area to Urban Centers: a Case Study of Mohammadpur Slums, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Jussi Dayna Biswas
Department of Environmental Science, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

K. Maudood Elahi
Department of Environmental Science, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Bani Mahmud
Department of Environmental Science, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Migration due to climate change-induced disasters has become one of the major challenges for Bangladesh. But the data related to environmental migrants are insufficient especially the aftermath of migration to a new area. This study was designed to assess the people’s perceptions on coastal environmental hazards and the status of migrants after migration. The study was conducted on 100 households living in four slums of Mohammadpur area in Dhaka city with the help of a questionnaire survey. 78% of the total respondents believe that coastal zone is more vulnerable than 10 years ago. 31.11% respondents thought frequent cyclone and 28.51% thought climate change as the major factors making the coastal zone more vulnerable over last 10 years. Excessive house rent (14.38%), inadequate supply of gas and electricity (14.22%) and water scarcity (13.08%) are the main problems of the slum people to where they have migrated. 33.64% respondents thought that governmental and non-governmental bodies should take initiatives to mitigate their problems.100% of the respondents chose Dhaka for the employment facility. Most of the respondents were from western coastal zone of Bangladesh. 61% of the respondents migrated during 2001-2010 showing a close relationship between increasing disaster and increase in the number of environmental migrants.

Keywords: Environmental Migration, Climate Change, Disaster, Coastal Zone

Location: The Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Climate change, Livelihood

Objectives:

To assess the people’s perceptions on coastal environmental hazards and the status of migrants after migration.

Methodology:

In order to fulfill the objectives of the study both primary and secondary data were used. 4 slums at Mohammadpur located at the western part of the Dhaka city were considered as study area. The slums were, the Beribadh slum, Bashbari slum, Bosila road slum and Nobodoi housing slum. A reconnaissance survey found the study areas to be over populated with a low living standard. In the Beribadh slum, approximately 2000 houses comprise of around 8000 people. In Bosila road slum approximately 7500 people live in almost 1500 houses. Whereas at Bashbari slum 250 houses accommodate approximately 1250 people, while Nobodoi housing slum give shelter to around 1750 people in only 350 houses. The following methodological approaches were performed for the completion of the research: Primary Data Collection: In the primary data collection procedure both field survey and questionnaire survey were carried out. Field survey was conducted to observe the current living condition of the slum dwellers. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 100 households of which the numbers of surveyed households were 30, 30, 20, and 20 from Beribadh slum, Bashbari slum, Bosila road slum and Nobodoi housing slum respectively. It is to be noted that the respondents of the study areas were the environmental/climate refugees from coastal Bangladesh. During the research, multiple answers were counted to reflect the people’s perceptions on this issue. After the survey, the results were converted into percentages to find out the ratio between the proportion of respondents and answers. The data were processed with the help of the Microsoft Office Excel 2007 version. Secondary Data Collection: The study's secondary data were collected from various sources including published material from books and journals, the internet, media sources and unpublished documents of government and non-governmental organizations as well. Secondary data were used to formulate a conceptual understanding and find out the previous works related to this field

Source of Information: International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 2015; 3(2-1): 40-44, ISSN: 2330-7528 (Print); ISSN: 2330-7536 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.s.2015030201.17

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Bangladesh due to the extreme environmental events generated by the changing climate is facing the emerging problem of climate migrants. This is putting extreme pressure on the limited resources in the cities. Rapid migration due to environmental disasters should be controlled by providing better rehabilitation arrangements. Employment opportunities should be made available in disaster-prone areas. Slum-dwellers that are already migrated to urban areas should be given security from various types of social harassment that they tend to face. Overall disaster management policy should be implemented with high priority and strong monitoring.

Knowledge Management: Journal