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A Review of Solid Waste Management Practice in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Suraiya Yasmin
Institute of Disaster Management and Vulnerability Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md Imranur Rahman
Urban and Rural Planning Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Waste management is a challenging task as population is increasing and type of waste is changing. Waste management practice needs concern not only for its generation increasing but also for its inadequate practice. Waste generation is affected by socio-economic factors, demography, seasonal factors, lack of awareness and weak management practice. With increasing rate of population the waste generation rate is also increasing in Dhaka city where a sustainable waste management practice is required to develop. This review article will attempt to summarize the recent year’s state of waste generation and management practices. Desk research was done for the review literature and Google scholar was utilized for the bibliographic database. The review reveals that the uncollected wastes are dumped in open spaces and streets which clog the drainage system creating serious hazards, environmental degradation and health risks in the city. The waste management practice is not very satisfactory and needs adequate policy and awareness. Awareness on various aspects of waste management can help lessen waste generation and improve waste management processes.

Keywords: Waste Management, Waste Generation, Recycling

Location: Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Waste

Objectives:

To determine the Solid Waste Management Practice in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Methodology:

On a global scale, we currently are facing three major environmental crises: global warming, depletion of resources, and destruction of our ecosystem. These crises are interrelated and connected to waste and waste management. A rising quality of life and high rates resources consumption patterns have had an unintended and negative impact on the urban environment generation of waste far beyond the handling capacities urban government and agencies. The Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) is primarily responsible for collecting and managing waste in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A significant amount of waste in Dhaka is not collected due to lack of infrastructure, funds and collection vehicles. Despites Dhaka’s limited waste management service, community based door-to-door waste collection from households to local waste bins is considered as a success. Informal waste recycling systems is also highly effective in waste recycling and job creations for the poor. In case of household sector, wastes are typically collected in a non-segregated manner and placed into the slender containers at the households. Organizations outsourced by City Corporation (CC) collect the waste in vans through vanmen on payment basis and carry to the secondary collection points (containers or designated sites). Subsequently, the waste is carried by various sizes of trucks (of City Corporation or private organization authorized by the city Corporation) to the landfill sites situated at Matuail and Amin Bazaar. In this connection, an informal market operates to recycle a significant portion of the solid waste. The roles of the Tokai or scavengers and door step, Hawkers are worth mentioning. Scavengers collect the recyclable items from both the landfills and open waste bins and finally sell it to a recycle waste dealer (Bhangari). The items are then washed, dried and sorted by the recycling dealers and traded in the market. Besides the scavengers, the Hawkers buy recyclables from door to door and trade with the Bhangari (receivables buyers). The pattern of waste collection in slum households is different to some extent. City Corporation in general, does not provide any waste management services in these areas. In case of city streets, the process of waste management is quite different. The city corporation through its cleaners (permanents and temporary) undertakes the cleaning of public places (roads, drains and parks etc) on a daily basis. Unlike household and public place waste management, commercial waste management is far complicated. The waste collected from the city is disposed to the final destination at land filling sites. Two important initiatives have been undertaken for Solid Waste Management (SWM) in Dhaka. One initiative was undertaken by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in 2005 with the objectives of formulating a master plan of Dhaka City and to develop capabilities and management skills of the Dhaka City Corporation. Another initiative, 3R Strategy was undertaken in 2010 by Department of Environment (DoE), Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Government. The principle of reducing, reusing and recycling of resources and products is often called the 3Rs. Towards sustainable waste management, 3Rs can play a vital role to protect environment from greenhouse gas emission and convert waste into invaluable resources [26]. The Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) supervises municipal solid waste management in an area of 360 km2 with a population of 7 million estimated to generate 3000 to 4000 tons of waste per day. The DCC openly states that its collection system cannot cope with the task of handling the large volumes of refuse produced by the ever-growing numbers of city dwellers, and that only 40-50% of the solid waste produced is being collected 38, 39. DCC is responsible for secondary waste collection to remove waste from its dustbins/containers, and transport the waste to final disposal sites. Residents are responsible for bringing their waste to DCC’s waste collection points where dustbins/containers are located. In 2002, DCC introduced an approval system of NGOs/CBOs/private organization for providing door-to-door waste collection services in all wards. DCC deploys facilities and manpower for secondary waste collection.

Source of Information: International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 2017; 5(2): 19-25; ISSN: 2330-7528 (Print); ISSN: 2330-7536 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijepp

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The generation of waste is increasing by competing with the growing population. Dhaka City Corporation is responsible for waste collection and transportation where an integrated and sustainable approach is necessary to introduce in Dhaka city. The uncollected waste creates a heavy drainage problem especially in the monsoon season. The open disposal and dumping system is unhygienic for an environment where modern technology and equipment are needed. Major portions of waste do carry the compostable content which can be recycled in a scientific and sustainable way. Public and private partnerships contribute to effective Solid Waste Management and such partnerships can have a significant impact on the perceptions of what constitutes good urban governance. Successful solid waste management in a sustainable way can be achieved only through the joint involvement of all stakeholders. Dhaka city has been growing without much of a plan and the city lacks a systematic waste management system as well. According to the composition of waste, composting will be a more sustainable way for resource recovery. In addition, organizing the recycling sector for inorganic waste, safe disposal of waste on the landfill site with sufficient leachate and gas collection system to reduce air and water pollution, health safety for the workers at the disposal sites should be ensured. Furthermore, both the central government and Dhaka City Corporation should have some strict rules and ordinances to increase waste collection through the formal sector instead of the informal sector.

Knowledge Management: Journal