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Mohamed Ahmed Khalif
Hargeisa Group Hospital, Microbiology Department, Hargeisa Somaliland

Md. Khaled Hossain
Department of Microbiology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science &Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Nazmi Ara Rumi
Department of Microbiology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science &Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Md. Shajedur Rahman
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science &Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Md. Aoulad Hosen
Department of Microbiology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science &Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

 Food borne diseases are an increasingly recognized problem involving a wide spectrum of illnesses caused by bacterial contamination of food.Microorganism poses potential human health problems and is mainly transmitted through consumption of contaminated foods .Bangladesh is one of the densely populated country where majority of the people consume cheap foods prepared in unlicensed food selling points. The objective of the present study was to investigate the microbiological quality of different street food (Amra, Fusca, Chanachur and Guava) sold by various street vendor at Dinajpur, Bangladesh. A total of 20 samples were collected randomly from street vendors and tested for the presence of bacteria following standard microbiological method used for isolation, enumaration and identification of bacreria. Among the samples all had bacterial contamination. The total viable count (TVC) in diferrent street food samples was ranged from 8.0 × 105 CFU/g to 6.7x107 CFU/g. Among samples Escherichia coli 7(35%), Staphylococcus spp. 6(30%), Klebsiella spp. 5(25%), Salmonella spp. 1(5%) and Shigella spp. 1 (5%) were isolated. Escherichia coli were found highest 3(50%) Amra samples and 2(40%) Guava samples, then another organisms Staphylococcus spp. was found highest 2(50%) Chanachur and 2(40%) Fusca samples and then Klebsiella spp. was found highest 2(40%) Fusca samples. Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that Shigella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Salmonella spp. were resistance to Gentamycin. All isolates found resistant to Cefixime, Cefalexin, Erythromycin, Fusidic acid, Cefuroxime and Aztreonam. All of the sample harbor multidrug resistant food borne bacteria which might cause public health hazards if these antibiotic resistance transfer to human. 

  Street food, Antibiotic; Resistant, Sensitivity, Contamination
  the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh science & Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, Bangladesh
  00-07-2017
  00-12-2017
  Food Safety and Security
  Virus

To isolate and identify the bacteria that present in different street vended foods and study of their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. 

The entire study is divided into three steps. The first step includes the total viable counts of the collected samples. The second steps includes isolation and identification of the bacteria from the sample by cultural, morphological and biochemical test. Third step includes evaluation of antibiotics sensitivity against the isolated bacteria. The present research work was conducted during the period from July to December 2017, in the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh science & Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur. A total number of twenty Food samples samples were included in this study. Sample was collected from different street vended foods in Lilly More, Basharhat, Doshmile and College More of sadarupazilla at Dinajpur district. Food samples included Amra, Fusca, Chanachur, and Guava (pearah). Approximately 300g of each food sample was collected using the vendors serving utensils, take parcel and placed into sterile plastic bags. All the collected samples were kept on an icebox during transportation to the laboratory and stored at 4°C until testing. They were analyzed within 24 hours of sampling. Adequate amount of different street food (Amra, Fusca, chanachur, and Guava) samples were uniformly homogenized in mortar and pastel using a sterile diluent as per recommendation of (Balamurugan et al., 2013). A homogenized suspension was made with the help of mortar and pastel. A quantity of 10 gm homogenate sample of each different street was taken aseptically with a sterile spoon and transferred carefully into a sterile pastle containing 90 ml of PBS. Thus 1:10 dilution of the samples was obtained. 50µl of each fivefold dilution was transferred and spread onto Plate Count Agar using a micropipette for each dilution for the determination of total bacterial count. The diluted samples were spread as quickly as possible on the surface of the plate. The plates were kept in an incubator at 370C for 24 hrs. After incubation, plates exhibiting 30-300 colonies were counted. The average number of colonies in particular dilution was multiplied by the dilution factor to obtain the total viable count. The total viable count was calculated according to ISO (1995). The results of the total bacterial count were expressed as the number of colony forming units (CFU) per ml of food samples. Bacteriological examination was carried out using standard method for aerobic bacteria (Brown, 2005). Each sample of Amra, Fusca, chanachur, and Guava samples were inoculated separately in nutrient broth (NB) to promote growth of bacteria. Each group of these media were incubated at 37°C for overnight. The colonies on primary cultures were repeatedly subcultured by streak plate method (Cheesbrough, 1985) until the pure culture with homogenous colonies were obtained. Media such as Nutient agar, MacConkey agar, Eosin Methylene Blue agar, Salmonella Shigella (SS) agar, and Manitol Salt Agar (MSA) were used for sub-cultures and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours for growth. The cultural examination of street food (Amra, Fusca, Chanachur, and Guava) samples for bacteriological study was done according to the standard method International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF, 1985). Identification of bacteria was performed on the basis of colony morphology Gram’s staining reaction and biochemical test.Biochemical tests, such as sugar fermentation, coagulase, catalase, MR, VP, and indole tests, were performed as per the standard methods (Cheesbrough, 1985). To determine the drug sensitivity and resistance patterns of isolated organisms used different types of commercially available antibiotic discs, (Mast diagnostics Mersey side, UK.). The antibiotic resistance was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique using Mueller-Hinton agar (Difco), according to the guidelines of clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, 2007). After overnight incubation at 37 °C, the diameter in millimeters of the zones of inhibition around each of the antimicrobial discs was recorded and categorized as resistant, intermediate and sensitive in accordance with company recommendations (Cappuccino and Carpenter, 2005). Results of microbial load by total viable count (TVC) The (TVC) of different street food (Amra, Fusca, Chanachur and Guava) samples collected from different vendors. The highest numbers of bacterial colonies were observed inAmra sample Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2018, 4 (3) 282 (6.7×107 CFU/g) followed by Fusca sample (6.3x107 CFU/g), Chanachur sample (6.0x107 CFU/g) and Guava sample (5.8x107 CFU/g).

  Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2018, 4 (3), 279-287; ISSN 2411-4472 (Print) 2412-5571 (Online)
  doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v4i3.38467
Funding Source:
  

The present study was conducted for the isolation, identification and antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria isolated from different street food. Presence of coliforms in the sample might be due to poor quality of water, unhygienic vendor places and poor personal hygiene of vendors. Most Street vendors were illiterate and they did not have a clear hygienic knowledge about the preparation, storage and serving of the food. All isolates found resistant to Cefixime, Cefalexin, Erythromycin, Fusaric acid, Cefuroxime and Aztreonam. The results of this study suggested that although RTE foods are cheap and economical but they are not healthy due to lack of hygienic measures, dirty utensils, and vendor‘s hygiene. These factors contributing many species of bacteria but major pathogen is E. coli, Salmonella spp. Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Basic and main source of bacterial infection is poor hygienic measures and this problem may be solved by improving supervision in food handling procedure, extended consumer education on transmission of enteric food borne diseases and food safety risks. So that street vended RTE foods should be manufactured under Good Hygienic Practices and conservation practices should be developed in order to minimize the microbial contamination of food.

  Journal
  


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