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Assessment of Fish Diversity in Shatghari Point of Surma River, Golapgonj, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Basir Ahammad
Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

Mohammed Khandaker
Department of Architecture and Landscape, University of Greenwich, 30 Park Row, London, SE10 9LS, UK

Md. Istiaque Hossain
Professor
Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Md. Abdullah-Al-Mamun
Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

Sarker Mohammed Ibrahim Khalil
Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

Farjana Akhter Mita
Department of fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Sayed Mashequl Bari
Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

M. M. Mahbub Alam
Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

Md. Moniruzzaman
Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A quest was conducted to assess the status of fish diversity in Shatghari point of Surma river, Golapganj, Sylhet from January 2015 to September 2015. Multivariate analyses were performed using the software PRIMER V6 and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was done using the PAST software. In the present study, 34 species of fishes belonging to 7 orders were identified from the study area where Cypriniformes (11 species) encompassing highest percentage (76.56%) of the whole biomass. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, Pielou’s evenness index and Simpson dominance index were found to be 2.31±0.69, 3.86±0.31, 0.46±0.03 and 0.88±0.007 respectively. Among the identified fish species, 44.63% were recorded as threatened according to IUCN and 5.49% were exotic species in respect of number. Top most 14 fish species were considered for CCA and it’s indicate that, two most important environmental parameters CO2 and TDS are shaping species assemblage structure in Surma River at Shatghari point. All the water quality parameters found within the permissible limits for fishes. In epilogue, bearing all the outcomes found in the study indicates that, the Shatghari Point of Surma River is enriched with fish diversity.

Keywords: Threatened species, Diversity index, Water quality parameters, Fish assemblage, Surma River

Location: Greater Sylhet region, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2015

End Date: 00-09-2015

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Fisheries diversity

Objectives:

To find out the diversity of fishes, seasonal variation and water quality which has a greater influence on fish.

Methodology:

The research was accomplished in greater Sylhet region. The sampling station was selected in Surma River at Shatghari point, Sylhet. The study was conducted for a period of nine months from January 2015 to September 2015. According to Indian Meteorological Department, the year was divided into four seasons- winter (December-March), summer (April-June), monsoon (July-September) and post-monsoon (October-November). Sampling was done on the basis of questionnaire interviews with fishers on monthly basis for fish diversity assessment to delineate the veritable population configuration. Water quality parameters were assessed monthly in situ. Exactly 10 parameters were assessed of the study area namely- Water temperature (^oC), transparency (cm), pH, DO (mg/l), CO₂ (mg/l), ammonia (mg/l), TDS (mg/l), nitrite (mg/L), hardness (mg/l) and chloride (mg/l). Data of other three parameters-air temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were collected from Bangladesh Meteorology Division, Sylhet Branch. The water quality parameters were assessed in situ monthly interval between 8.30 AM to 12.00 AM on each sampling day throughout the entire study period. Titration methods were done by using HACH Test Kit (Model: FF-2, Cat No. 2430-01). In the present study, the diversity of fish species were evaluated by dint of ShannonWiener index (H′) (Shannon, 1949; Shannon and Weaver, 1963; Ramos et al., 2006), species richness by Margalef index (d) (Margalef, 1968), evenness by Pielou’s index (J′) (Pielou, 1966), and dominance by Simpson index through the following formula: Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') H' = - Sum[pi x log (pi)] Where, H' = Shannon Wiener index, Pi = ni/N, ni = no. of individuals of a species, N = Total number of individuals Margalef species richness (d) d = (S-1)/log (N) Where, S = Total species, N = Total individuals. Pielou's evenness index (J'). (J') = H(s) / H (max). Where, H (s) = the Shannon-Wiener information function, H (max.) = the theoretical maximum value for H(s) if all species in the sample were equally abundant. In the present investigation, 34 species of fishes belonging to seven orders were identified from the study area. The governing order was Cypriniformes (11 species) encompassing 76.56% of the whole biomass followed by Siluriformes (6 species) 15.71%, Perciformes (7species) 3.54%, Synbranchiformes (3 species) 3%, Beloniformes, (1 species) 0.89%, Clupeiformes, (1 species) 0.21%, and Decapoda, (1 species) 0.03%. Total individuals under each species were used to find out the dominancy of each species in the study area. From the it is seen that, Mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) covers the highest percentages 59.46% followed by Tengra (Mystus vittatus) comprising 8.88% of the total biomass. The degree of pollution was assessed and revealed along with values based on the assortment of the Shannon Weaver diversity index as recommended by Biligrami (1988). All the seasons showed values ranging from 1.795-2.575 representing moderate to light pollution. The results suggesting that the overall condition of the water bodies of Sylhet region is found to be good. However, government and NGOs intervention for conserving these endangered species in situ will be very helpful for the use of future generations.

Source of Information: International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2017; 5(5): 205-211

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study identified 34 species of fishes belonging to 7 orders where Cypriniformes (11 species) were the dominant family. Mola (Amblypharyngodon mola) covers the highest percentages of species composition. Water quality parameters were studied and recorded as more or less suitable for fish distribution but CO₂ and TDS influence the shaping species assemblage structure in Surma River at Shatghari point. In the present study, the value of pH and other hydrological parameters throughout the annual cycles were in conformity with the permissible limits for the maximum growth of fishes. Fish catching percentage also indicates the maximum relative abundance of species in the river. The Surma River river is a good source of indigenous fish species, so in-depth research is needed to manage this water resource and ensure the sustainable utilization of the valuable resource.

Knowledge Management: Journal