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Effect of Phytohormone and Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Salinity and Yield of Sunflower (2018–2019)

O. A. Fakir
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Sohela Akter
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Md. Ishaqul Islam
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Masfiqur Rahaman
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), BARI, Benarpota, Satkhira during the rabi season of 2018-2019 to identify the best combination of nitrogen and phytohormones dosage on ameliorating soil salinity and yield of sunflower. There were nine treatment combinations in the two factorial RCBD approaches in where factor A was the application of phytohormone (Abscisic Acid) at three rates (0, 100 and 200 ppm). On the other hand, factor B was six different levels of nitrogen fertilizer [0, Recommended dose of all fertilizers (RDF) + N₀; RDF + N_50% ; RDF + N_80%; RDF + N_100% and Farmers' practice] based on FRG, 2012 guide. From the result, it is evident that among different treatment combinations, the highest total seed yield (1.48 t ha^-1) obtained under P₃F₅ may be ascribed to the applied optimum level of nitrogen and abscisic acid which could improve the synthesis of sufficient photosynthesis. While the minimum (0.5 t ha^-1) seed yield was observed by the treatment where there was no application of nitrogen fertilizer and growth regulator. The lowest level of average soil salinity was recorded in the P₃F₂ treatment combination (3.37 dS m^-1). The highest level of average soil salinity (5.72 dS m^-1) was recorded in the P₁F₆ combination while maximum seed yield (1.48 t ha^-1) was obtained from P₃F₅ in where average soil salinity was 3.57 dS m^-1 during total field duration.

Keywords: Nitrogen, Growth, Yield, Sunflower, Saline soil. Phytohormone

Location: Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2018

End Date: 00-00-2019

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Soil salinity, Sunflower, Hormone

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different rates of nitrogen and growth regulators on the yield of sunflower under saline soil.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station (ARS), BARI, Benarpota, Satkhira during the rabi (winter) season of 2018-2019 to identify the optimum dose of nitrogen and phytohormone to ameliorate soil salinity for sunflower production in saline areas. The soil belonged to the AEZ-11 and AEZ -13. The land topography was medium-low. Before conducting the experiment, initial composite soil samples at a depth of 0-15 cm from the experimental plots were collected and analyzed following standard methods. The soil of the experimental field is clay loam in texture with pH 7.2. Soil salinity at different dates was recorded at 09:00-10:30 a.m. every 15 days interval, starting from sowing until harvest. The salinity was measured by EC meter (HANNA: HI 9835). Data were taken at the middle of the plot. Collected data were analyzed using ANOVA procedure. Once a week, a calibration for the meter was made by comparing with laboratory data and results have been shown in 7. The experiment was laid out in two factors RCBD with three replication, where factor A was the application of phytohormone (Abscisic Acid) at three rates (P₁= 0, P₂= 100 and P₃= 200 ppm). On the other hand, factor B was six different levels of nitrogen fertilizer [F₁ = No Fertilizers, F₂ = Recommended dose of all fertilizers (RDF) + N₀; F₃ = RDF + N _50%; F₄ = RDF + N_80% ; F₅ = RDF + N_100%; F₆ = Farmers' practice] based on FRG, 2012 guide. Seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. BARI Surjumhukhi-2 was obtained from BARI, Gazipur. Seeds were sown on 27 December 2018 with a row to row distance of 50 cm and plant to plant 25 cm. Fertilizers as Recommended doses (RDF) were applied following fertilizer recommendation guide 2012 (BARC, 2012). The full amount of triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum, zinc sulphate and boric acid were broadcasted in the experimental plot as per treatment at the time of seed sowing except F₁ and F₆ treatment. In the case of Farmers' practice, TSP, MoP, Gypsum were applied @130, 80 and 90 kg ha^-1, respectively as a basal dose during the final land preparation. Urea was applied in 3 equal splits at 21, 39 and 53 DAS after irrigation. N fertilizer was used in different splits at critical stages of the crop. Three times irrigation at 30, 50 & 70 days after sowing were applied during the growing period. Weeding was done at 14 days after sowing followed by thinning. Disease and insect pests were always well controlled using suggested applies (BARI, 2014). The crop was harvested at the time of maturity. The Absisc acid was used as a phytohormone application and its rates were kept in main plots while different N levels were kept in subplots. Foliar spray of abscisic acid (ABA) at two rates (100 and 200 ppm) was applied twice (30 and 60 days after sowing). At harvest time some agronomic traits such as plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), head diameter (cm), seeds weight head^-1 (g), 1000 seeds weight, seeds weight (g), fresh weight of shoots (g) and yield of stover and seed (t ha^-1) were measured. The following chemical analyses were determined nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to the method described by Cottenie et al. (1982). Collected data were subjected to statistical analysis of variance according to Snedecor and Cochran (1980) and the combined analysis of the two seasons was calculated according to the method of Steel and Torrie (1980). The physical and chemical properties of the soil were determined according to Chapman and Pratt (1961).

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2018–2019, Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above findings, it may be concluded that application of abscisic acid as a growth regulator in a combination with RDF along with full use of nitrogen fertilizer had better performance on growth and yield attributes of Sunflower in saline areas. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a regulatory role in salinity stress-related physiological processes in sunflower plants.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings