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Effect of Glyphophate Application and Tillage Practices on Crop Establishment, Growth and Yield of Wheat (2019–2020)

Md Khairul Alam
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A.T.M.A.I. Mondol
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

N. Salahin
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M.J. Alam
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

S. Akher
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted in Grey Terrace soils under Madhupur Tract agro-ecological zone (AEZ-28) during 2019-2020 to observe the effect of glyphosate applied to the tilled or untilled soil before crop establishment on subsequent wheat growth. The plant back period was tested by applying glyphosate 2 and 7 days before land preparation. Disturbed soil was contrasted with undisturbed soils under two different phosphorus doses (minimum phosphorus and high dose of phosphorus) and three glyphosate doses (no glyphosate, recommended dose of glyphosate and high dose of glyphosate. Twenty four treatments were studied in split-split-plot design with three replications. The growth and yield parameters of wheat, weed biomass and P concentration were varied due to the plant back period, glyphosate and phosphorus applied to the tilled or untilled soil before crop establishment. When glyphosate applied 2 days before, emergence, germination and plant growth were hampered. When high glyphosate dose interacted with high P dose, the yield parameters and yield of crops were reduced. The phosphorus concentration in soil was also the highest recorded in the high glyphosate combined with high P dose. When glyphosate was applied at the recommended dose 7 days before land preparation, the yield and yield contributing characters were not that hampered when compared with high dose of glyphosate. The key result from the experiment was the interaction of plant back period and high rate of glyphosate with high P fertilizer, leading to a strongly negative effect on wheat phenotypic and yield characters in clay loam soil. However, most of the effects were observed at the initial stage of crop growth.

Keywords: Glyphosate, Phosphorus, Wheat, Soil influence, Growth and Yield

Location: Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2019

End Date: 00-00-2020

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

To determine the phytotoxicity of glyphosate to wheat growth that will plant in clay loam soil at a different application rate of glyphosate and phosphorus and • To determine residual effects of glyphosate on the subsequent wheat growth and crop yield. • To know how high available P in soil influence glyphosate uptake by crops especially by wheat

Methodology:

The field experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh, for the rabi season of 2019-2020. The experimental site is located at the centre of the agroecological zone of Madhupur tract (AEZ-28) at about 23° 59′ 15′′ north latitude and 90° 24′ 20′′ east longitude having a mean elevation of 8.6 m above mean sea level. The soil belongs to the Chiata series of the Grey Terrace soils (Aeric Albaquept) under the order Inceptisols in the USDA Soil Taxonomy (Huq and Shoaib, 2013). The morphological and taxonomical characteristics of the experimental site are shown in Table 3. The textural class was clay loam having soil pH 6.2 and the land type is medium-high. From late October to mid-March, the minimum and maximum temperatures were in the lowest range whereas the periods from October to May are virtually dry. The relative humidity (%) varied between day and night of which at day time relative humidity (%) was about 90 (%) and at night it fluctuated to a wide range from 43 to 85% in February and March, respectively. The crop was wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. BARI gom 26 which was collected from the Wheat Research Centre (WRC) of BARI, Gazipur. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replications. The experimental design was performed as follows: undisturbed soil (ZT: a single slit was open with furrow opener of strip planter developed by FMPE division, BARI), conventional tillage (CT: ploughed by power tiller maintaining depth by depth control lever up to 14-16 cm depth). The phosphorus doses used were minimum phosphorus (5 and 30 kg P ha^-1). The glyphosate doses were 0, 1.25 and 3.75 L ha^-1 or 0, 2.75 and 5.5 L roundup ha^-1. Glyphosate was applied 2 and 7 days before sowing. Dates of glyphosate were applied in the main plots. Tillage practices were assigned in the sub-plots, while phosphorus in sub-sub plots and glyphosate in sub-sub-sub plots. The unit plot size was 3.6m × 1.5m. The fertilizer doses for wheat were N₁₄₀ K₅₁ S₁₂ Zn₂ B_0.5 kg ha^-1 based on a higher yield goal. The fertilizer requirements were calculated on a soil test basis. One-third urea, the whole amount of triple superphosphate (TSP) and cow dung were applied during final land preparation. The rest of the urea, MoP, gypsum, and ZnSO₄ was applied in two equal splits at 25 days after sowing (DAS) and 45 DAS. Every split application of fertilizers was followed by irrigation. Another supplemental irrigation was applied at 65 DAS, while other intercultural operations were done as and when necessary. Weeds in undisturbed plots were controlled partially by hand weeding at 20 DAS and 28 DAS for full elimination of weeds. The soil moisture was monitored intensively with gravimetric method (Black 1965). Wheat (cv. BARI gom 26) seeds were sown on 05 December 2019 followed by irrigation. The row spacing maintained for wheat was 20 cm. The wheat was harvested on 05 April 2020.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2019–2020, Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The key result from the experiment was the interaction of dates of glyphosate application, glyphosate, P fertilizer and soil disturbance; with the high glyphosate rate that had a strongly negative effect on wheat phenotypic and yield in clay loam soil where P fertilizer was also added in high dose. However, most of the effects were observed at the initial stage of crop growth.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings