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Effect of Conservation Tillage and Split Application of Potassium on the Productivity of Maize- Mungbean- T. Aman Cropping Pattern and Physico-chemical Properties of Soil (2019–2020)

M.J. Alam
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. K. Alam
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A.T.M.A.I. Mondol
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

S. Akhter
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiments on Maize-Mungbean-T.aman rice cropping pattern were conducted in Grey Terrace soil of Joydebpur under AEZ-28 during rabi 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 to observe the effect of tillage practices and timing of potassium application on soil properties and to increase the productivity of the said cropping sequence. There were 2 types of tillage as Strip tillage (ST) and conventional tillage (CT). In addition, 3split application of potassium such as basal dose (K₁), two split doses (K₂) and three split doses (K₃) in a split-plot RCB design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. Conventional tillage gave more yield than strip tillage for T. a man but strip-tillage gave more yield than conventional tillage for maize due to residual nutrient factor for the subsequent crop. For both crops, two split doses performed better yield than other doses. Conventional tillage emitted more CO₂ than strip-tillage during the entire growing period of the crop. The lowest emission was recorded in the basal application under strip tillage practice. Availability of NH₄ was more at early and the middle part when irrigation and rainfall occurred but the availability of NO₃ was more when less amount of water remained in the soil. Strip tillage (ST) gave little more soil moisture than conventional tillage (CT). Conventional tillage with potassium doses gave less soil penetration resistance than other combinations except strip tillage with two split doses (K₂). Positive change has occurred for pH, OM, N, S, Zn and B but the negative change occurred for P and K. The third crop of the third cycle T. aman is going on with the early tillering stage.

Keywords: Potassium; Soil physico-chemical properties; Productivity

Location: Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2017

End Date: 00-00-2020

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Physico-Chemical

Objectives:

The present study was taken to settle the following objectives: To find out the effect of tillage and timing of potassium application on soil physic-chemical properties and to increase the productivity of the pattern.

Methodology:

Field experiments on Maize-Mungbean-T.aman rice cropping pattern were conducted in Grey Terrace soil of Joydebpur under AEZ-28. The experiment was started at BARI central research farm during rabi season in 2017-2018, 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The tillage operations such as strip tillage with VMP (versatile multi-crop Planter) and conventional tillage with power tiller were employed in combination with three split applications of potassium Viz. K₁(All basal dose), K₂= two Split (1/2 at basal +1/2 at vegetative stage and K₃= three split (1/3 at basal+ 1/3 at vegetative stage+ 1/3 before flowering. Thus 6 treatment combinations were arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The plot size was 7.2 M× 3.0M. The tested varieties were BARI Mung-6, BRRI Dhan-62 and BARI hybrid Maize 7 for Mungbean, T. Aman and maize, respectively. The crops were fertilized with soil test based (STB) fertilizer dose as per FRG-2012 (BARC, 2012). The fertilizer doses of were N₉₉P₃K₅₀ S₁₁Zn_0.6kg ha^-1 and N₂₈₀ P₃₅ K₁₀₅ S₄₀Zn_0.2B_0.4 kg ha^-1for T. Aman and maize, respectively.No fertilizers were applied for mungbean. Mungbean was sown on 15 May 2019 and was plough down before pod formation on 10 July 2019 and T. aman was transplanted on 16 August 2019 and crop harvested on 21 November 2019. Maize seed was sown on 14 December 2019 and crop harvested on 30 April 2020. For T. Aman, all phosphorus, gypsum and Zinc sulphate were applied during final land preparation. Urea was applied in three equal splits at the seedling establishment stage (7 DAT), active tillering stage (25 DAT) and before panicle initiation stage (40 DAT). MoP was applied at basal (K₁+K₂+ K₃), 25 DAT (K₂+ K₃) and 45 DAT (K₃). For maize, all phosphorus, gypsum zinc sulphate and boron were applied during final land preparation. Urea was applied in three equal splits at 15 DAS, 35DAS and 60 DAS. MoP was applied at basal (K₁+K₂+ K₃), 35 DAS (K₂+ K₃) and 60 DAS (K₃). For T.aman, three irrigation were applied at the dry condition. For maize, every split application of fertilizers was followed by irrigation. Two supplemental irrigation were applied at 25 DAS and 80 DAS, while other intercultural operations were done as and when necessary. Both NH₄-N and NO₃-N were extracted from the soils during the crop growing period to determine the available N in the soil sample (Jackson (2005). Microbial respiration from the soil in different treatments was also assessed periodically by trapping emitted CO₂ in NaOH(Anderson 1982). All assays were performed in triplicate. The trapped CO₂ was measured by adding 15 mL of 10% w/v BaCl₂ to the NaOH to precipitate BaCO₃. The remaining NaOH was then back titrated against 1M HCl to the phenolphthalein to neutralize NaOH. Finally, more HCl was added to the methyl orange to dissolve BaCO₃. The collected soil samples were dried at room temperature mixed thoroughly, grinded, sieved with a 2 mm sieve and preserved in plastic containers for subsequent laboratory analysis. Soil samples were then analyzed for SOM, total N and P. The SOM was determined by wet oxidation, total N by a modified Kjeldahl method (page et al. 1989) and total P by using the SnCl₂ reduction method (Black, 1965).pH was determined through glass electrode pH meter method (Jackson 1962), K and S were determined through NH₄OAC method (Hanlon and Johnson,1984)and turbidimetric method (Sperber, 1984), respectively. Micronutrients were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The particle size distribution of the initial soil was analyzed by the hydrometer method (Black, 1965) and the textural class was determined using the USDA texture triangle. The BD of the soil samples were determined by the core sampler and pycnometer method (Karim et al., 1988). Moisture content was determined by gravimetric method (Black, 1965). Field capacity was done through the pressure plate method.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2019–2020, Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

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Achievement/Findings:

For T. aman conventional tillage gave more yield than strip-tillage but for maize, the result is vice-versa due to the residual nutrient effect on the subsequent crop. Two split doses gave the best grain yield than other doses for both crops. Conventional tillage emitted more CO₂ than strip-tillage during the entire growing period of the crop. The lowest emission was recorded in the basal application under strip tillage practice. Availability of NH₄ in soil was more when irrigation applied and rainfall occurred on the hand availability of NO₃ was more when the soil was in water stress condition. Strip tillage gave more soil moisture content than conventional tillage but vice-versa for penetration resistance with few exceptions. pH along with OM, N, S, Zn and B increase little amount compare to initial soil. P and K content decreased than initial soil. After completion of the third cycle, nutrient use efficiency cost-benefit analysis will be calculated. The third crop of the third cycle T. aman is going on with early vegetative growth.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings