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Effect of Biofertilizer, Vermicompost and Chemical Fertilizers on Groundnut

F. Alam
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. E. Ali
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. F. A. Anik
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. Rahman
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. A. H. Bhuiyan
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at Bangla Bazar, Cox’s Bazar to evaluate the effect of Rhizobium biofertilizer, vermicompost and chemical fertilizers on groundnut during the rabi season of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The crop variety was BARI Chinabadam-8 and Rhizobium strain was BARI RAh-892. There were nine treatments viz. T₁: Control, T₂: Vermicompost (VC) @ 2.5 t ha^-1, T₃: VC @ 5 t ha^-1, T₄: VC @ 2.5 t ha^-1 + Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS) based NPKSZnB, T₅: VC @ 5 t ha^-1 + IPNS based NPKSZnB, T₆: VC @ 2.5 t ha^-1 + Rhizobium + IPNS based PKSZnB, T₇: VC @ 5 t ha^-1 + Rhizobium + IPNS based PKSZnB, T₈: 100% NPKSZnB, T₉: Rhizobium + 100% PKSZnB which were replicated four times. Peat based rhizobial inoculum was used at the rate of 1.5 kg ha^-1 as seed inoculant. Rhizobium inoculated groundnut with vermicompost @ 5 t ha^-1 and IPNS based PKSZnB increased nodule number (101.3 plant^-1in 2017 and 84.2 plant^-1in 2018), nodule weight (0.45 g plant^-1in 2017 and 0.39 g plant^-1in 2018) and shoot weight (44.5 g plant^-1 in 2017 and 38.7 g plant^-1 in 2018) and root weight (7.29 g plant^-1 in 2017 and 3.70 g plant^-1 in 2018). It was observed that the same treatment produced the highest nut yield (2.44 t ha^-1, 51.5% higher over control in 2017, and 2.24 t ha^-1, 48.3% higher over control in 2018) of groundnut which was differ with all other treatment except T₄, T₅, T₆ and T₈ treatments in 2017, and identical with all other treatments except T₁, T₂, T₃, T₈ and T₉ treatments in 2018. This indicates that the application of vermicompost @ 5.0 t ha^-1 plus Rhizobium inoculant can reduce a considerable amount of chemical fertilizers. Vermicompost exhibited better performance in groundnut. To improve soil health and to maintain it as well as to improve crop production, we have to reduce chemical fertilizer. From the trial, it can be concluded that vermicompost @ 5 t ha^-1 plus Rhizobium inoculant along with IPNS based chemical fertilizers except N may be recommended for groundnut cultivation in Chittagong coastal plain Soils (AEZ-23).

Keywords: Bio-fertilizer, Vermicompost, Groundnut, Nutrient, Chemical fertilizer, Soil, AEZ

Location: Bangla Bazar, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2016

End Date: 00-11-2018

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Bio fertilizer, Fertilizer and manures, Vermicompost and vermiculture

Objectives:

To study the effect of bio-fertilizer and vermicompost on yield of groundnut, and find out nutrient uptake and reduce the chemical fertilizer in groundnut cultivation.

Methodology:

A field experiment was carried out at Bangla Bazar, Cox’s Bazar (21.26^o N latitude, 92.01^o E longitude and above 4 m elevation from sea level) belongs to the Chittagong coastal plain Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ-23) on 02 December 2016 and 30 November 2017 during rabi season. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. There were nine treatments viz. T₁: Control (non-inoculated and non-fertilized), T₂: Vermicompost (VC) @ 2.5 t ha^-1, T₃: VC @ 5 t ha^-1, T₄: VC @ 2.5 t ha^-1 + IPNS based NPKSZnB, T₅: VC @ 5 t ha^-1 + IPNS based NPKSZnB, T₆: VC @ 2.5 t ha^-1 + inoculant + IPNS based PKSZnB, T₇: VC @ 5 t ha^-1 + Rhizobium inoculant + IPNS based PKSZnB, T₈: 100% NPKSZnB, T₉: Rhizobium inoculant + 100% PKSZnB. The tested crop was groundnut (cv. BARI Chinabadam-8). Peat based rhizobial inoculum (Rhizobium strain BARI RAh-892) was used containing 10⁸ cells g^-1 inoculum was used at the rate of 1.5 kg ha^-1. Groundnut seeds were mixed thoroughly with the inoculum before sowing. The unit plots measured 2 m × 3 m. Seeds were used at the rate of 75 kg ha^-1. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc and boron (N₁₀₀P₂₂K₄₂S₄₀Zn₅B₁ kg ha^-1) were used in the form of urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum, zinc sulphate and boric acid, respectively. All P, K, S, Zn, B, vermicompost and ¹/₃^rd urea-N were applied at the time of final land preparation and the remaining ²/₃rd urea-N was applied in two equal installments at 30 and 50 days of sowing. All the intercultural operations such as irrigation, weeding, insect control etc. were done as and when necessary. Vermicompost was prepared in the net house of Soil Science Division and used in the plot mixed with soil. Nodules were collected by carefully uprooting five sample plants selected randomly from each unit plot at the 50 percent flowering stage. Nodules were separated from the roots, counted and then oven-dried and weighed. Data on yield and yield components were recorded at maturity. The crop was harvested on 02 May 2017 and 03 May 2018. The initial soil samples at a depth of 0-15 cm from the experimental fields were collected and analyzed following standard methods. The vermicompost used in this experiment were also analyzed (Table 2). Data on yield and yield contributing characters were recorded and statistical analyses were conducted using standard statistical procedures (Gomez and Gomez 1984) implemented in Statistix 10. The data were examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Differences between the treatments were determined by ANOVA, and Fisher’s protected least significant difference (LSD) was calculated at the 0.05 probability level for treatment mean comparisons. Soil pH was measured by a combined glass calomel electrode (Jackson, 1958). Organic carbon was determined by wet oxidation method (Walkley and Black). Total N was determined by modified Kjeldahl method. Calcium, K and Mg were determined by NH₄OAc extraction method. Copper, Fe, Mn and Zn were determined by DTPA extraction followed by AAS reading. Boron was determined by CaCl₂ extraction method. Phosphorus was determined by Bray and Kurtz method (Acid soils) and Modified Olsen method (Neutral + Calcareous soils). Sulphur was determined by CaH₄(PO₄)₂.H₂O extraction followed by turbidimetric turbidity method with BaCl_2.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2017-2018, Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

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Achievement/Findings:

Application of vermicopost @ 5.0 t ha^-1 plus Rhizobium can reduce considerable amounts of chemical fertilizers. Vermicompost exhibited better performance in groundnut. To improve soil health and to maintain it as well as to improve crop production, we have to reduce chemical fertilizer. As the yield was higher in T₇ treatment, VC 5.0 t ha^-1 and Rhizobium along with IPNS based chemical fertilizers except N may be recommended for groundnut cultivation for rich conscious farmers. From the economic point of view, the yield was higher in T₉ treatment; poor farmers can adopt this treatment. From the trial, it can be concluded that full doses of chemical fertilizers and Rhizobium along with IPNS based chemical fertilizers (except N) may be recommended for groundnut cultivation in Chittagong coastal plain Soils under AEZ 23.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings