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Effect of Biofertilizer, Vermicompost and Chemical Fertilizers on Soybean

F. Alam
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

M. E. Ali
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. F. A. Anik
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. Rahman
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. A. H. Bhuiyan
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at Central Farm, Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur during rabi season of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 with the objectives to evaluate the effect of Rhizobium biofertilizer, vermicompost and chemical fertilizers on soybean. The crop variety was BARI Soybean-5 and Rhizobium strain was BARI RGm-901. There were nine treatments viz. T₁: Control, T₂: Vermicompost (VC) @ 2.5 t ha^-1, T₃: VC @ 5 t ha^-1, T₄: VC @ 2.5 t ha^-1 + Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS) based NPKSZnB, T₅: VC @ 5 t ha^-1 + IPNS based NPKSZnB, T₆: VC @ 2.5 t ha^-1 + Rhizobium + IPNS based PKSZnB, T₇: VC @ 5 t ha^-1 + Rhizobium + IPNS based PKSZnB, T₈: 100% NPKSZnB, T₉: Rhizobium + 100% PKSZnB which were replicated four times. Peat based rhizobial inoculum was used at the rate of 1.5 kg ha^-1 as seed inoculant. Rhizobium inoculated soybean with vermicompost @ 5 t ha^-1 and IPNS based PKSZnB increased nodule number (19.3 plant^-1in 2017 and 22.1 plant^-1in 2018), nodule weight (0.28 g plant^-1in 2017 and 0.27 g plant^-1in 2018), root weight (0.59 g plant^-1 in 2017 and 0.48 g plant^-1 in 2018) and shoot weight (6.21 g plant^-1 in 2017 and 5.71 g plant^-1 in 2018). It was observed that the same treatment produced the highest seed yield (1.73 t ha^-1, 88% higher over control in 2017, and 1.82 t ha^-1, 102% higher over control in 2018) of soybean which was different from all other treatment except T₅ and T₆ treatments in 2017, and identical with all other treatments except T₁, T₂ and T₃ treatments in 2018. This indicates that the application of vermicompost @ 5.0 t ha^-1 plus Rhizobium inoculant can reduce a considerable amount of chemical fertilizers. Vermicompost exhibited better performance in soybean. To improve soil health and to maintain it as well as to improve crop production, we have to reduce chemical fertilizer. From the trial, it can be concluded that vermicompost @ 5 t ha^-1 plus Rhizobium inoculant along with IPNS based chemical fertilizers except N may be recommended for soybean cultivation in Chhiata series of Grey Terrace Soil (AEZ-28).

Keywords: Bio-fertilizer, Vermicompost, Soybean, Nutrient, Chemical fertilizer, Fertilizer

Location: Central Farm, Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur

Start Date: 26-12-2016

End Date: 02-12-2017

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Bio fertilizer, Vermicompost and vermiculture, Soybean

Objectives:

To study the effect of bio-fertilizer and vermicompost on yield of soybean, and find out nutrient uptake and reduce the chemical fertilizer in soybean cultivation.

Methodology:

A field experiment was carried out at Central Farm, Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur (24.00^o N latitude, 90.25^o E longitude and 8.4 m elevation) on 26 December 2016 and 02 December 2017 during rabi season. Joydebpur soil belongs to the Chhiata series of Grey Terrace Soil (AEZ-28). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. There were nine treatments viz. T₁: Control (non-inoculated and non-fertilized), T₂: Vermicompost (VC) @ 2.5 t ha^-1, T₃: VC @ 5 t ha^-1, T₄: VC @ 2.5 t ha^-1 + IPNS based NPKSZnB, T₅: VC @ 5 t ha^-1 + IPNS based NPKSZnB, T₆: VC @ 2.5 t ha^-1 + inoculant + IPNS based PKSZnB, T₇: VC @ 5 t ha^-1 + Rhizobium inoculant + IPNS based PKSZnB, T₈: 100% NPKSZnB, T₉: Rhizobium inoculant + 100% PKSZnB. The tested crop was soybean (cv. BARI Soybean-5). Peat based rhizobial inoculum (Rhizobium strain BARI RGm-901) was used containing 10⁸ cells g^-1 inoculum was used at the rate of 1.5 kg ha^-1. Soybean seeds were mixed thoroughly with the inoculum before sowing. The unit plots measured 2 m × 3 m. Seeds were used at the rate of 75 kg ha^-1. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc and boron (N₁₀₀P₄₂K₄₀S₄₀Zn₅B₁ kg ha^-1) were used in the form of urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum, zinc sulphate and boric acid, respectively. All P, K, S, Zn, B, vermicompost and ¹/₃^rd urea-N were applied at the time of final land preparation and the remaining ²/₃rd urea-N was applied in two equal installments at 30 and 50 days of sowing. All the intercultural operations such as irrigation, weeding, insect control, etc. were done as and when necessary. Vermicompost was prepared in the net house of Soil Science Division and used in the plot mixed with soil. Nodules were collected by carefully uprooting five sample plants selected randomly from each unit plot at the 50% flowering stage. Nodules were separated from the roots, counted and then oven-dried and weighed. Data on yield and yield components were recorded at maturity. The crop was harvested on 08 April 2017 and 30 April 2018. The initial soil samples at a depth of 0-15 cm from the experimental fields were collected and analyzed following standard methods (Table 1). The vermicompost used in this experiment were also analyzed. Data on yield and yield contributing characters were recorded and statistical analyses were conducted using standard statistical procedures (Gomez and Gomez 1984) implemented in Statistix 10. The data were examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Differences between the treatments were determined by ANOVA, and Fisher’s protected least significant difference (LSD) was calculated at the 0.05 probability level for treatment mean comparisons. Soil pH was measured by a combined glass calomel electrode (Jackson, 1958). Organic carbon was determined by wet oxidation method (Walkley and Black). Total N was determined by modified Kjeldahl method. Calcium, K and Mg were determined by NH₄OAc extraction method. Copper, Fe, Mn and Zn were determined by DTPA extraction followed by AAS reading. Boron was determined by CaCl₂ extraction method. Phosphorus was determined by Bray and Kurtz method (Acid soils) and Modified Olsen method (Neutral + Calcareous soils). Sulphur was determined by CaH₄(PO₄)₂.H₂O extraction followed by turbidimetric turbidity method with BaCl_2.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2017-2018, Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

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Achievement/Findings:

Application of vermicompost @ 5.0 t ha^-1 plus Rhizobium can reduce considerable amounts of chemical fertilizers. Vermicompost exhibited better performance in soybean. To improve soil health and to maintain it as well as to improve crop production, we have to reduce chemical fertilizer. As the yield was higher in T₇ treatment, VC 5.0 t ha^-1 and Rhizobium along with IPNS based chemical fertilizers except N may be recommended for soybean cultivation for rich conscious farmers. From the economic point of view, the yield was higher in T₉ treatment; poor farmers can adopt this treatment. From the trial, it can be concluded that full doses of chemical fertilizers and Rhizobium along with IPNS based chemical fertilizers (except N) may be recommended for soybean cultivation in Chhiata series of Grey Terrace Soil (AEZ-28).

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings