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Determination of Crop Coefficient Values of Broccoli and Estimation of Leaching Loss of Nutrients by Drainage Lysimeter (2016-2017)

R. A. Begum
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur Bangladesh

N. C. Shil
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur Bangladesh

A.T.M.A.I. Mondol
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M.J. Alam
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A.J. Mila
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study on broccoli (cv. Green King) was conducted in the drainage Lysimeter located in the Central Research Farm, BARI, Gazipur during rabi 2016-2017. The objectives of the study were to find out the location-specific crop coefficient (Kc) values of broccoli and to estimate leaching loss of nutrients. Four regimes of irrigation water were applied on the basis of depletion over field capacity (FC) at predetermined intervals such as T₁: Irrigation up to FC at 5 days interval, T₂: Irrigation up to FC at 10 days interval, T₃: Irrigation up to FC at15days interval and T₄: Irrigation up to FC at 20 days interval. As such, 14, 7, 5 and 3 irrigation were needed for T₁, T₂, T₃ and T₄, respectively. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The highest curd yield (14.57 t ha^-1) was obtained from T₂, which was statistically identical to T₁ but significantly higher over T₃ and T₄. Therefore, Kc values were calculated from the best-performed treatment, T₂. The estimated Kc values of broccoli found to be 0.50, 0.68, 1.06, and 0.73 for initial, crop development, mid-season and late-season stages, respectively. The estimated Kc values derived from this experiment could be used under Bangladesh context and alike agro-climatic conditions for the determination of water requirement of broccoli. A significant amount of plant nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn and B) was lost through leaching. The loss of Ca, Mg and S found to be a great concern. This should be taken into account for ensuring crop nutrition and minimizing groundwater pollution.

Keywords: Broccoli, Nutrients, Lysimeter

Location: Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2016

End Date: 00-00-2017

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer and manures, Broccoli

Objectives:

To find out the water requirement of broccoli estimating K_c and E_t values using lysimeter and to quantify the leaching loss of nutrients through percolates.

Methodology:

The micro-lysimeter has been constructed recently by Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) and situated at Soil Science research field, Gazipur. It has 12 tanks spaced at an equal distance (4 m). The tanks were installed in 3 lines taking 4 in each line for the 3 replicate measurements. The lysimeter tank has a 1-meter square area with an effective soil depth of 100 cm followed by a perforated Stainless Steel (SS) sheet. Below the SS sheet, 2 meshes of no. 20 and 40 are placed. Below the mesh, 15 cm thick coarse gravel packs are sandwiched. Then water receiving reservoir was provisioned where the excess water from the upper parts are discharged. Then the discharged water goes through the drainage piping to the reservoir. Each lysimeter tank is provided with a stainless steel pipe of 1.75 cm diameter which serves as an air vent. The vent is inserted up to the gravel layer and is provided with a cap at the top end. Below the lysimeter tank, a 7.5 cm thick concrete layer is provided followed by a 7.5 m thick stone soling. A 13 cm thick brick wall was constructed around the lysimeter tank leaving a 5 cm sand pack between the tank and the wall. The brick wall is constructed at a depth of 30 cm from the soil surface. For more details, please refer to Khan et al. (1992). Twenty-one days old broccoli (cv. Green king) seedlings were transplanted in lysimeter tanks, each having a 1 m²area on 4 December 2016. Also, to maintain a similar environment, the same crop was grown in the lands surrounding the tanks. The soil was clay loam with field capacity and bulk density, 28.53% and 1.48 g cc^-1, respectively. There were four treatments as follows: T₁= Irrigation up to FC at 5 days intervals; T₂= Irrigation up to FC at 10 days intervals; T₃= Irrigation up to FC at 15 days intervals; T₄= Irrigation up to FC at 20 days interval. As the lysimeter has 12 tanks in operation, therefore the experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The crop was fertilized with N₁₂₀P₃₈K₇₂S₂₁Zn₂ B_1.2 kg ha^-1 and cow dung @ 10 t ha^-1. The crop was irrigated up to field capacity for a 30 cm depth rooting zone as per the treatment schedule. The crop showed luxuriant growth, especially for the treatment T₁and T₂. Harvesting of greenheads started on 7 February 2017 and ended on 26 February. Climatic data, such as maximum and minimum temperatures, air humidity, sunshine hours day^-1 and wind speed were collected from the nearest meteorological station. The location information like elevation, latitude, and longitude was also collected. All these data were then used to estimate the potential evapotranspiration (ET₀). Crop data like plant height, number of leaves plant^-1, individual curd weight and curd yield were recorded and statistically analyzed. The crop was irrigated as per the design of the experiments. A measured quantity of water depending on the FC value was applied ensuring drainage. Soil moisture was measured before irrigation. The part of rainfall collected as drainage and the change in stored soil moisture during the period under consideration were subtracted from the applied water to obtain crop evapotranspiration (ET_c).

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2019–2020, Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The crop coefficient (Kc) values for broccoli found to be 0.50, 0.68, 1.06 and 0.73 for initial, development, mid-season and late-season stage, respectively. Since these Kc values were determined under local agro-ecological conditions, so they may be more accurate and better suited. Thus, the values determined from this study may be recommended for Bangladesh and similar climates elsewhere to estimate crop water requirements for broccoli. A noticeable amount of plant nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn and B) found to be lost through leaching. This should be taken into account for ensuring crop nutrition and minimizing groundwater pollution.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings