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Effects of Tillage Methods and Residue Management on Soil Properties and Yield of Potato- Maize- T. Aman Rice Cropping Pattern (2016–2017)

N. C. Shil
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur Bangladesh

F.S. Shikha
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A.T.M.A.I. Mondol
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M.J. Alam
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

R. A. Begum
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiments on Potato- Maize-T.aman rice cropping pattern were conducted in Grey Terrace Soil of Gazipur under AEZ-28 and Dark Grey Floodplain Soil of Jamalpur under AEZ-9. The experiment started in 2013-2014 where the third cycle was completed in October 2016 and is reported this year (2016-2017). The objectives of the study were to observe the effect of tillage practices and residue management on soil properties and to increase the productivity of the said cropping sequence. Three tillage methods such as minimum tillage (4-6 cm depth) with power tiller operated seeder (PTOS), conventional tillage (10-12 cm depth) with power tiller and deep tillage (20-25 cm depth) by spading were employed. Besides, three types of residue management options viz. farmers practice (without residue), 50% crop residue incorporation and 100% crop residue incorporation for potato and 15 cm and 30 cm stubbles of maize and rice were incorporated to the soil for the subsequent crops. The study was conducted in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Deep tillage gave significantly higher yield over minimum tillage for all three crops of the pattern except T. aman rice at Jamalpur. But for the third cycle (2015-2016), the effect of deep tillage reduced greatly producing significant yield only for potato at Gazipur. The benefits of crop residue retention appeared to be statistically significant for the 9th crop (T. aman rice) onward after retention of consecutive 7 crop residues. Minimum tillage irrespective of residue retention showed the yield loss over conventional practice (T₂ x M₁) although such reduction was lower in residue treated plots. The potato equivalent yield (PEY) was found almost similar to the third cycle (2015-2016) and the second cycle where the highest PEY (42.97 and 41.13 t ha^-1, Gazipur and Jamalpur, respectively) was obtained from T₃ x M_3,which was about to T₃ x M₂. Yield benefit for T₃ x M₃ over traditional practice (T₂M₁) was 30 and 16% for Gazipur and Jamalpur, respectively while it was 27 and 13% for T₃ x M₂with the same order for the location. Although the PEY was higher for the second cycle than the third one but the yield benefit for the third cycle was greater, which indicated the value of cumulative residue retention practice over the years. The 4^th cycle of the pattern is continuing (2016-2017) with the 11^th crop maize is in the harvesting stage till the preparation of the present report.

Keywords: Soil properties, Yield, Potato, Maize, T. Aman rice

Location: Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2016

End Date: 00-00-2017

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Soil quality, Cropping System

Objectives:

(i) To observe the effect of the tillage practices and residue management on soil properties;

(ii) To increase the productivity of the said cropping sequence

Methodology:

Field experiments on Potato-Maize-T.aman rice cropping pattern were conducted in Grey Terrace Soil of Joydebpur under AEZ-28 and Dark Grey Floodplain Soil of Jamalpur under AEZ–9. The soil of Joydebpur was clay loam in texture having bulk density and particle density of 1.48 and 2.43 g cm^-3, respectively while porosity was 39.1%. The field capacity and initial soil moisture content were 25.11 and 23.44%, respectively. The pH of the soil was 6.1 and the general fertility status was low. On the other hand, loamy textured Floodplain Soil of Jamalpur had bulk density and particle density value of 1.39 and 2.62 g cm^-3, respectively with 46.95% pore space. Initial soil moisture content and field capacities were 24.68 and 29.42%, respectively. The soil pH was 6.4 and the general fertility status was low. Three tillage methods such as minimum tillage (4-6 cm depth) with power tiller operated seeder (PTOS), conventional tillage (10-12 cm depth) with power tiller and deep tillage (20-25 cm depth) by chisel were employed. Besides, three types of residue management options viz. farmers practice (without residue), 50% and 100% crop residue of potato was incorporated to the second crop maize. Maize was harvested leaving 15 cm and 30 cm height of stubbles to the field and was incorporated in the soil for the third crop T. aman rice. Accordingly, T. Aman was harvested in a similar fashion and incorporated in the soil for the next potato crop. Thus 9 treatment combinations were arranged in a two-factor RCB design with three replications. The tested varieties were BARI Alu 8 (Cardinal), BARI HM 7 and BINA Dhan 7 for potato, hybrid maize, and T. aman rice, respectively. The crops were fertilized with Soil Test Based (STB) fertilizer dose as per FRG- 2012 (BARC, 2012). The fertilizer dose for potato was N₁₅₀P₃₀K₁₂₀S₁₀Zn₁B₁ kg ha^-1 for Joydebpur and N₁₄₀P₂₃K₁₀₀S₁₀Zn₂B₁ kg ha^-1for Jamalpur. In the case of maize, the dose was N₂₈₃P₆₇K₁₀₇S₃₄Zn₁B_1.5 kg ha^-1and N₂₆₄P₅₇K₉₀S₃₆Zn₄B₁ kg ha^-1for Joydebpur and Jamalpur, respectively. Again, the fertilizer dose for T. Aman rice was N₁₀₀P₁₅K₅₃S_7.5Zn_0.67kg ha^-1for Gazipur and N₉₃P_11..3K₄₅S₈Zn_1.25 kg ha^-1 for Jamalpur. In the case of potato, all PSZnB and ½ K were applied at the end of the final land preparation. Nitrogen as urea was applied in two equal splits at 5-7 days after sprouting (DAS) and also at 25-30 (DAS) along with the rest of the K as a top dress. For maize, all PSZnB and ²/₃^rdK were applied as broadcast prior to sowing. Nitrogen as urea was applied in three equal splits 5 days after germination, stem elongation stage (8-10 leaf stage) and at the tasselling stage. The rest of K was applied along with the second dose of N at the stem elongation stage. The seed tuber of potato for the second cycle was sown on 26 November 2014 and 21 November of the same year for Gazipur and Jamalpur, respectively. The third cycle of potato was sown on 03 December 2015 and harvested on 01 March 2016. Three irrigations were done for potato at colonization (25 DAP), tuberization (40 DAP) and bulking (60 DAP) adopting the furrow irrigation method. Maize also irrigated three times at plant establishment, 8-10 leaf stage (20-25 DAS) and tasselling stage (45-50 DAS). The potato tubers were harvested on 10 March 2015 at Gazipur while on 06 March at Jamalpur. After the harvest of potato, the foliage biomass was incorporated into the soil as per treatment before the cultivation of maize. From potato foliage (100% residue incorporation), 39 kg N, 4 kg P, 17 kg K and 2 kg S ha^-1 nutrients might have been added to the soil upon decomposition. After incorporation of potato residue with the aid of assigned tillage options, the seeds of maize were sown on 01 April 2015 at Gazipur while the sowing date for Jamalpur was 27 March 2015. The maize was harvested leaving 15 and 30 cm height stubbles (as per treatment) on 30 July 2015 at Gazipur and 24 June at Jamalpur at its full maturity. The maize stubbles were left to be incorporated into the soil. For this, 0.95 and 1.60 t ha^-1 maize residue was added with regard to M₂ (15%) and M₃ (30%) treatments. The rice plant was transplanted on 27 August 2015 and 14 August 2016 at Gazipur and 17 August 2015 at Jamalpur. All intercultural operations were done as per the requirement of the crop. The harvesting date of T. aman rice was 22 October 2015 at Gazipur and 17 October at Jamalpur. The third cycle T. Aman was harvested on 18 November 2016. All relevant data of the component crops were collected as per the requirement of the experiment. The data were analyzed statistically following MSTAT-C program. For the present year (2016-2017), the 10^th crop potato was harvested on 04 March 2017 and subsequently, the 11^th crop maize was sown on 13 March 2017, which is in the harvesting stage till the preparation of the present report and 12^th crop T. aman rice is followed. The plant samples for the fourth cycle crops collected were under the process of laboratory analysis.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2016–2017, Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal): Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

On the basis of yield, deep tillage is better but it involves more energy and expenditure and also ruins soil's physical properties. Residue incorporation may be useful in minimizing the yield gap between minimum tillage and deeper tillage practices in addition to its role in improving soil physical, chemical and biological environments. The benefits of crop residue retention appeared to be statistically significant at 9^th crop onward after retention of consecutive 7 crops. However, the present study should be continued up to five years (medium-term level) to explore the real benefits of tillage practices together with residue management in maximizing the yield of the pattern and sustaining the soil health.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings