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Influence of Different Levels of Potassium on Nodulation, Quality, Yield and Nutrients Uptake of Lentil (2017-2018)

M. A. HOSSAIN
Pulses Research Centre, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

S. AKTAR
Pulses Research Centre, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

B. ANWAR
Pulses Research Centre, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

M.A. QUDDUS
Pulses Research Centre, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted in the research field of Pulses Research Sub-Station, BARI, Gazipur and RARS, Jessore during Rabi 2016-17 to estimate the suitable doses of potassium for nodulation, quality and yield maximization of lentil. There were 5 treatments viz. T₁= Control, T₂= K 30 kg ha^-1, T₃= K 40 kg ha^-1, T₄= K 50 kg ha^-1 and T₅= K 60 kg ha^-1 along with the blanket dose of N₁₅P₂₀S₁₀Zn₂B_1.5 kg ha^-1. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that the average yields of lentil (mean of two locations) ranged from 1051-1408 kg ha^-1. The highest lentil yield 1168 kg ha^-1 at Gazipur was found in T₅ and 1668 kg ha^-1 at Jessore was obtained from the treatment T₄ and the lowest yield was found in the K control plot at both locations. The highest modulation was found in T₅ treatment at Gazipur and T₄ treatment at Jessore. The highest net return TK. 56217 ha^-1 and benefit-cost ratio 2.51 at Gazipur was counted from the treatment T_5.On the other hand, the greatest net return TK. 96497 ha^-1 and benefit-cost ratio 3.61at Jessore was recorded from the treatment T₄and the lowest was in T₁ treatment in both the locations. Therefore, the application of 60 kg K ha^-1 may be considered as an economically sound and suitable dose for lentil yield maximization in the terrace and 50 kg K ha^-1 for calcareous soils of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Lentil, Nodulation, Potassium

Location: An experiment was conducted in the research field of Pulses Research Sub-Station, BARI, Gazipur and RARS, Jessore

Start Date: 00-00-2016

End Date: 00-00-2017

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Lentil

Objectives:

The K management has become very important in sustaining or increasing lentil quality and yield. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to estimate the suitable doses of K for nodulation, quality and yield maximization of lentil as well as to measure nutrient balance in the soil.

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2016-17 at the experimental field of Pulses Research Sub-Station, BARI, Gazipur and RARS, Jessore to find out the effective doses of potassium for lentil nodulation, quality and yield maximization. There were 5 treatments viz. T₁= Control, T₂= K 30 kg ha^-1, T₃= K 40 kg ha^-1, T₄= K 50 kg ha^-1, T₅= K 60 kg ha^-1 along with the blanket dose of N₁₅P₂₀S₁₀Zn₂B_1.5 kg ha^-1. Initial and final soil samples of the experimental plot were collected from 0-15 cm depth and chemical properties were determined through standard methods (Table 5). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The unit plot size was 4 m x 3 m. The lentil variety was BARI Masur-7. The blanket doses of fertilizers were applied as urea, TSP, gypsum, zinc sulphate and boric acid after final land preparation. The K was applied treatment wise as MoP after bed preparation. Lentil seeds at the rate of 30 kg ha^-1 were sown continuously in line with the spacing of line to line of 30 cm on 16 November 2016 at Gazipur and 12 November 2016 at Jessore. Weeding was done two times-1^st 25 DAS and 2^nd 40 DAS. Three sprays were given with Rovral starting from 50 DAS and two times insecticides (Karate and Ripcord @ 2 ml L^-1of water) both at 10 days intervals starting from 50 DAS for controlling insects. The crop was harvested after maturity. Data on seed yield were collected from the whole plot and stover data were counted from 2 square meters but the entire yield contributing characters namely: plant height, branches plant^-1, number of pods plant^-1, number of seeds pod^-1 and 1000 seed weight were collected from ten plants selected randomly from each unit plot. Data on nodulation were counted from 10 plants in each collection. Four times collection of lentil nodules viz. first, second, third and fourth collection were done on 32 DAS, 47 DAS, 62 DAS and 77 DAS, respectively. Collected data were statistically analyzed through Statistix 10 package. In this study, BCR was counted for a hectare of land. Treatment wise management cost was calculated by adding the cost incurred for labours, plowing and inputs for each treatment. The seed yield was converted kg ha^-1. This yield was utilized to calculate the gross return. The shadow prices (land rent, stover cost etc) were not considered. The gross return was measured by multiplying the seed yield by the unit price of lentil at that time. Net return was calculated by subtracting management cost from gross return.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2017 - 2018, Pulses Research Centre, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Yield contributing characters of lentil were influenced significantly due to different level of potassium in both the location during the Rabi season of 2016-17. The average plant height (mean of two locations) of lentil ranged from 25.9-30.7 cm and the average number of branches per plant varied from 2.26-3.06. The tallest plant and highest number of branches per plant were found in the treatment T₅ which were significantly higher over the other treatments although some variation was observed in both the characters- tallest plant and highest number of branches per plant was statistically identical to the treatment T₄and T₃at Jessore. The lowest values were obtained from the treatment T₁. The average number of pods per plant ranged from 40.4-57.0. The maximum number of pods per plant was recorded from the treatment T₅ which was significantly higher over the other treatments but statistically identical per T₄ at both the location and the lowest number pods per plant were observed in T₁treatment. The average number of seeds per pod varied from 1.59-1.93. The highest number of seeds per pod was observed in T₅ at Gazipur and T₄ at Jessore which were showed significantly different over the other treatment but statistically similar to T₄, T₃ and T₂ at Gazipur and similar to T₅ and T₃ at Jessore and the lowest value was recorded from T₁treatment. The average thousand seed weight ranged from 17.8-22.2 g. The highest 1000 seed weight was also recorded from the treatment T₅ at Gazipur and T₄ at Jessore which were significantly different from the other treatment but at Jessore it was statistically identical to T_5,T₃ and T₂treatment and the lowest 1000 seed weight was recorded in the control treatment. The seed yield of lentil enhanced significantly by the application of different levels of potassium at both Gazipur and Jessore during Rabi of 2016-17. The highest seed yield of 1168 kg ha^-1was recorded from T₅ at Gazipur and 1668 kg ha^-1from T₄ at Jessore which were significantly higher than the other treatments, but statistically identical per T₅in Jessore. The average seed yield of lentil (mean of two locations) varied from 1051-1408 kg ha^-1. The lowest seed yield was recorded from the control treatment. Regarding stover yield of lentil, it was showed a similar trend of seed yield. The average stover yield of lentil (mean of two locations) varied from 1779-2308 kg ha^-1. Regarding the two years (2015-16 and 2016-17) study in Gazipur and Jessore. The different levels of potassium contributed to getting significant yields of lentil in both the years at Gazipur and Jessore. In the case of Gazipur, the highest lentil yield (1015 kg ha^-1) was recorded from T₅ treatment in 1^st year and it was also the highest (1168 kg ha^-1) in 2^nd year from the same T₅ treatment. The mean seed yield (mean of two years) of lentil in Gazipur due to different levels of potassium ranged from 736-1092 kg ha^-1. In Jessore, the maximum lentil yield (1656 kg ha^-1) was recorded from T₅ treatment in 1^st year which was significantly similar to T₄ treatment and it was maximum (1668 kg ha^-1) in 2^nd year from the T₄ treatment which was statistically identical at per T₅. The mean seed yield (mean of two years) of lentil in Jessore due to different levels of potassium ranged from 1276-1655 kg ha^-1. The highest mean yield (1655 kg ha^-1) was found in T₄ treatment at Jessore. The lowest mean yields of lentil in both locations were obtained from T₁ treatment. A linear positive relationship was observed in potassium application at Gazipur. The trend of lentil seed yield increase was significantly positive between the applications of 50 to 60 kg K ha^-1. Therefore, optimization doses of K fertilizer will be estimated after rearranging the K level in future studies. A polynomial relationship was observed in potassium application at Jessore. The trend of seed yield of lentil was showed positive but insignificant between applications of 50 to 60 kg K ha^-1. So, in the same way in Jessore, the optimization of K fertilizer will be estimated after rearranging the K levels in future studies. Nodulation of lentil on a different date was influenced significantly due to different levels of potassium during the Rabi season of 2016-17. In 32 days after sowing, the numbers of nodules per plant varied from 5.62-7.89 at Gazipur and 34.4-44.8 at Jessore, in 47 DAS, ranged from 16.0-20.9 at Gazipur and 83.2-107 at Jessore, in 62 DAS, ranged from 17.3-22.2 at Gazipur and 115-142 at Jessore and in 77 DAS, it was varied from 10.6-12.5 at Gazipur and 57.9-83.7 at Jessore, respectively. The maximum numbers of nodules were recorded from the treatment T₅ in all the nodules collection dates which were significantly higher over the other treatment at Gazipur except nodule collection date 77 DAS it was highest in T₄ treatment. In Jessore, the greatest number of nodules were recorded from the treatment T₄ in nodules collection date of 32 DAS and 62 DAS which was significantly different over the other treatment but it was statistically identical to T₅ treatment. In the collection date 47 DAS in Jessore, the maximum number of nodules were recorded from the treatment T₅ which was significantly different from the other treatment but it was statistically similar to the T₄ treatment. In both the locations, the lowest nodule values were obtained from the K control treatment except collection date 77 DAS in Jessore which was significantly inferior to all other treatments. From the results of different dates, nodule formations were less in 32 DAS and in 77 DAS but, the formation was maximum between the date of 47 and 62 DAS in both the locations. It seems that the formation of the maximum nodule was occurred during early to mid flowering. After flowering, nodule efficiency might be reduced and began shutting down. Soil samples were collected from each treated plot for analyzing different soil properties viz. soil pH, organic matter, total N and available P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Zn and B. The results are presented in Table 5. Initially, the soil pH was 6.6 at Gazipur and 8.1 was at Jessore, but after completion of experiments, the soil pH remained unchanged although minor variation existed. A minor positive change occurred in soil fertility over initial status due to applied different potassium management practices. The application of different doses of potassium with the blanket dose of other fertilizers help to maintain the initial fertility or increased slightly of organic matter, total N, P and S. Potassium (K), Ca and Mg, Zn and B slightly decreased or static in all plots over the initial status. Regarding the cost and return analysis, the maximum gross return TK. 93440 ha^-1 at Gazipur was found in T₅ treatment and TK. 133440 ha^-1 at Jessore were counted from T₄ which was followed by T₅. The minimum gross return TK. 60000 ha^-1 at Gazipur and TK. 108160 ha^-1 at Jessore were calculated from K control treatment. The highest net return TK. 56217 ha^-1 at Gazipur in T₅ treatment and Tk. 96497 ha^-1 at Jessore in T₄ treatment. The greatest benefit-cost ratio of 2.51 was counted from T₅ at Gazipur and a maximum BCR of 3.61 at Jessore was obtained from the treatment T₄. The lowest net return and the lowest benefit-cost ratio were recorded from the T₁ treatment in both locations. Significant contribution observed in yield and yield component, modulation up to applied of potassium 60 kg ha^-1 at Gazipur and 50 kg ha^-1 at Jessore and BCR was also found maximum. Therefore, farmers should use 60 kg K ha^-1 in terrace soil and 50 kg K ha^-1in calcareous soil for lentil yield maximization.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings