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Effect of Tillage Methods and Residue Management on Soil Properties and Yield of Potato- Maize- T. Aman Rice Cropping Pattern (2017-2018)

N. C. Shil
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

F. S. Shikha
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A. T. M. A. I. Mondol
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. J. Alam
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. A. Hossain
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiments on Potato- Maize-T.aman rice cropping pattern were conducted in Grey Terrace Soil of Gazipur under AEZ-28 and Dark Grey Floodplain Soil of Jamalpur under AEZ-9. The experiment started in 2013-2014 and is continuing with fourth cycle (2017-2018). The resulted of the third cycle completed so far is reported this year. The objectives of the study were to observe the effect of tillage practices and residue management on soil properties and to increase the productivity of the said cropping sequence. Three tillage methods such as minimum tillage (4-6 cm depth) with power tiller operated seeder (PTOS), conventional tillage (10-12 cm depth) with power tiller and deep tillage (20-25 cm depth) by spading were employed. Besides, three types of residue management options viz. farmers practice (without residue), 50% crop residue incorporation and 100% crop residue incorporation for potato and 15 cm and 30 cm stubbles of maize and rice were incorporated to soil for the subsequent crops. The study was conducted in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Deep tillage gave significantly higher yield over minimum tillage for all three crops of the pattern except T. aman rice at Jamalpur. But for the second cycle (2015-2016), the effect of deep tillage reduced greatly producing significant yield only for potato at Gazipur. Almost similar trend of result was recorded for the third cycle where none of the component crop of the pattern showed significant effect due to tillage depth.The benefits of crop residue retention appeared to be statistically significant for 9^th crop (T. aman rice) onward after retention of consecutive 7 crops residues which appeared to be more visible at fourth year (third cycle). Minimum tillage irrespective of residue retention showed the yield loss over conventional practice (T₂ × M₁) although such reduction was lower in residue treated plots. Rice equivalent yield (REY) varied from 25-33 t ha^-1 where the highest yield was observed from T₃ × M₃, which was followed by T₃ × M₂and T₃ × M₁. The yield benefit over conventional practice found to be 15, 19 and 22% for T₃ × M₁, which was followed by T₃ × M₂and T₃ × M₃, respectively at Gazipur, which was higher than the previous years’ might be due to the resultant effect of residue incorporation. Although the REY remained almost static over the study period but the yield benefit for the third cycle was greater, which indicated the cumulative benefits of residue retention over the years. The 4^th cycle of the pattern is continuing (2017-2018) where 14^th crop, summer maize has damaged due to unprecedented rainfall this year and 15th crop t.aman rice is followed.

Keywords: Tillage practices, Residue management, Soil properties, Cropping sequence, AEZ

Location: Grey Terrace Soil of Joydebpur and Dark Grey Floodplain Soil of Jamalpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2017

End Date: 00-00-2018

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Cropping pattern, Soil Physical Properties

Objectives:

To observe the effect the tillage practices and residue management on soil properties
To increase the productivity of the said cropping sequence

Methodology:

Field experiments on Potato-Maize-T.aman rice cropping pattern were conducted in Grey Terrace Soil of Joydebpur under AEZ-28 and Dark Grey Floodplain Soil of Jamalpur under AEZ–9. The soil of Joydebpur was clay loam in texture having bulk density and particle density of 1.48 and 2.43 g cm^-3, respectively while porosity was 39.1%. The field capacity and initial soil moisture content were 25.11 and 23.44%, respectively. The pH of the soil was 6.1 and the general fertility status was low. On the other hand, loamy textured Floodplain Soil of Jamalpur had bulk density and particle density value of 1.39 and 2.62 g cm^-3, respectively with 46.95% pore space. Initial soil moisture content and field capacity were 24.68 and 29.42%, respectively. The soil pH was 6.4 and the general fertility status was low.

Three tillage methods such as minimum tillage (4-6 cm depth) with power tiller operated seeder (PTOS), conventional tillage (10-12 cm depth) with power tiller and deep tillage (20-25 cm depth) by chisel were employed. Besides, three types of residue management options viz. farmers practice (without residue), 50% and 100% crop residue of potato was incorporated to the second crop maize. Maize was harvested leaving 15 cm and 30 cm height of stubbles to the field and was incorporated in the soil for the third crop T. aman rice. Accordingly, T. aman was harvested with similar fashion and incorporated in the soil for the next potato crop. Thus 9 treatment combinations were arranged in two factor RCB design with three replications. The tested varieties were BARI Alu 8 (Cardinal), BARI HM 7 and BINA Dhan 7 for potato, hybrid maize, and T. aman rice, respectively. The crops were fertilized with Soil Test Based (STB) fertilizer dose as per FRG- 2012 (BARC, 2012). The fertilizer dose for potato was N₁₅₀P₃₀K₁₂₀S₁₀Zn₁B₁ kg ha^-1 for Joydebpur and N₁₄₀P₂₃K₁₀₀S₁₀Zn₂B₁ kg ha^-1for Jamalpur. In case of maize the dose was N₂₈₃P₆₇K₁₀₇S₃₄Zn₁B_1.5 kg ha^-1and N₂₆₄P₅₇K₉₀S₃₆Zn₄B₁ kg ha^-1for Joydebpur and Jamalpur, respectively. Again, the fertilizer dose for T. aman rice was N₁₀₀P₁₅K₅₃S_7.5Zn_0.67kg ha^-1for Gazipur and N₉₃P₁₁_..3K₄₅S₈Zn_1.25kg ha^-1 for Jamalpur. In case of potato, all PSZnB and ½ K were applied at the end of final land preparation. Nitrogen as urea was applied in two equal splits at 5-7 days after sprouting (DAS) and also at 25-30 (DAS) along with rest of the K as top dress. For maize, all PSZnB and ²/₃^rdK were applied as broadcast prior to sowing. Nitrogen as urea was applied in three equal splits 5 days after germination, stem elongation stage (8-10 leaf stage) and at taselling stage. The rest of K was applied along with second dose of N at stem elongation stage. The seed tuber of potato for the second cycle was sown on 26 November, 2014 and 21 November of the same year for Gazipur and Jamalpur, respectively. The third cycle of potato was sown on 03 December 2015 and harvested on 01 March 2016. Three irrigations were done for potato at stolonization (25 DAP), tuberization (40 DAP) and bulking (60 DAP) adopting furrow irrigation method. Maize also irrigated three times at plant establishment, 8-10 leaf stage (20-25 DAS) and taselling stage (45-50 DAS). The potato tubers were harvested on 10 March, 2015 at Gazipur while 06 March at Jamalpur. After the harvest of potato, the foliage biomass was incorporated into soil as per treatment before the cultivation of maize. From potato foliage (100% residue incorporation), 39 kg N, 4 kg P, 17 kg K and 2 kg S ha^-1 nutrients might have been added to the soil upon decomposition. After incorporation of potato residue with the aid of assigned tillage options, the seeds of maize were sown on 01 April 2015 at Gazipur while the sowing date for Jamalpur was 27 March, 2015.The maize was harvested leaving 15 and 30 cm height stubbles (as per treatment) on 30 July 2015 at Gazipur and 24 June at Jamalpur at its full maturity. The maize stubbles were left to be incorporated into the soil. For this, 0.95 and 1.60 t ha^-1 maize residue was added with regard to M₂ (15%) and M₃ (30%) treatments. The rice plant was transplanted on 27 August 2015 and 14 August 2016 at Gazipur and 17 August 2015 at Jamalpur. All intercultural operations were done as per the requirement of the crop. The harvesting date of T. aman rice was 22 October 2015 at Gazipur and 17 October at Jamalpur. The third cycle T. Aman was harvested on 18 November 2016. All relevant data of the component crops were collected as per the requirement of the experiment. The data were analyzed statistically following MSTAT-C program. For present year (2016-2017), 10^th crop potato was harvested on 04 March 2017 and subsequently the 11^th crop maize was sown on 13 March 2017, which is in the harvesting stage till the preparation of the present report and 12^th crop T. aman rice is followed. The plant samples for the fourth cycle crops collected were under the process of laboratory analysis.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2017-2018, Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

On the basis of yield, deep tillage is better but it involves more energy and expenditure and also ruins soil's physical properties. Residue incorporation may be useful in minimizing the yield gap between minimum tillage and deeper tillage practices in addition to its role in improving soil physical, chemical and biological environments. The benefits of crop residue retention appeared to be statistically significant 9th crop onward after retention of consecutive 7 crops and it appeared more visible at fourth year. However, the present study may be continued up to five years (medium-term level) to explore the real benefits of tillage practices together with residue incorporation in sustaining the yield of the pattern and improving the soil health.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings