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Assessment of Potassium Element on Lentil (lens Culinaris Medic) Agronomy and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Calcareous Soils

Md. Abdul Quddus
Soil and Water Management Section, Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Md. Ashraf Hossain
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Habib Mahammad Naser
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Babul Anwar
Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jashore, Bangladesh

Md. Abdus Sattar
Farm Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

H. E. M. Khairul Mazed
Olericulture Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Potassium (K) is considered as key element for plant growth and physiology and improvement of productivity and quality of crops. The potassium (K) reduction from agricultural soils of Indo-Gangetic plain had been observed due to rapidly increasing intensive cropping systems, in combination with imbalanced fertilization. Now, burning issue is needed to better understand the role and dynamic of K in plants and K-use efficiency of crops. Hence, this study was undertaken during two consecutive years of 2015-16 and 2016-17 to know the effects of different levels of potassium on lentil productivity, nodulation, nutrient uptake and K use efficiency. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design considering five treatments with thrice replicates. The treatments were T1 (K Control), T2 (15 kg K ha^-1), T3 (30 kg K ha^-1), T4 (45 kg K ha^-1) and T5 (60 kg K ha^-1) along with the blanket dose of N18P20S10Zn2B1.5 kg ha^-1 and cowdung 3 t ha^-1. Yield and yield attributes of lentils responded significantly to K fertilizer. The highest mean seed yield (1684 kg ha^-1) and maximum seed yield increase over control (31.9%) got from T5 treatment followed by T4 treatment. The highest total nutrient (N, P, K, S, Zn and B) uptake, maximum nodulation and the highest protein content (29.4%) in seed were, however, recorded from the plot receiving of 60 kg K ha-1. Apparent K recovery efficiency was recorded higher (17.8%) from T4 treatment. Apparent K recovery efficiency followed the order: T4>T5>T3>T2. From the economic point of view, T5 followed by T4 treatment is viable and sound. The results of the experiment suggest that 60 kg K ha-1 might be applied along with N18P20S10Zn2B1.5 kg ha-1 for lentil cultivation in calcareous soils of Bangladesh. The K rates for fertilizer recommendation in lentils need to be revised to take into account for the highest yield by the higher increasing rate of K in soil.

Keywords: Potassium, Lentil Yield, Nodulation, Nutrient Uptake, Calcareous Soil

Location: Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Jashore

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Lentil

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the K dose for yield attributes, nodulation, quality, and yield maximization of lentils as well as to measure the nutrient use efficiency.

Methodology:

2.1. Site Description The study area is at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Jashore. The area was elevation 6.71m, 23.11°N and 89.14°E [15]. It belongs to the agroecological zone, High Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ-11). According to general soil classification, it falls under calcareous brown floodplain soils with Gopalpur soil series (Soil taxonomy: orderInceptisols and sub-group-Aquic Eutrochrepts). The experimental site has subtropical humid climatic condition. It is characterized by comparatively high monsoon rainfall, high humidity, and high temperature. Long day with less clear sunshine, sometimes the sky remains cloudy for heavy rainfall during April to September. The scanty rainfall, low humidity and low temperature, short day and more clear sunshine during October to March. The average temperature ranges from 20 to 35°C and average annual rainfall varies from 1650 to 2000 mm across the year. The area got rainfall from 1.7 to 20 mm at 1st year (2015-16) and 7.9 to 12.2 mm at 2nd year (2016-17) during October to March. The mean minimum and maximum air temperatures during October to March of the experiment were 10.3 to 30.4°C at 1st year and 9.46 32.5°C at 2nd year, respectively. The average minimum and maximum humidity (%) were 71.6 to 88.6 in 1st year and 71.3 to 85.6 in 2nd year, respectively during October to March. The soil sample of the experimental area was collected (0-15 cm depth) with a soil auger, before sowing the test crop. The percentage of sand, silt and clay was determined by the hydrometer method [16]. The textural class was determined using Marshall’s Triangular Coordinates of USDA system. The chemical properties and textural classes are shown in Table 2. 2.2. Land Preparation, Treatments, Design and Layout The land was first opened by a tractor-operated chisel plough and then prepared thoroughly by ploughing with a power tiller followed by laddering and leveling. The land was weed and stubbles free. The trial was arranged with 5 treatments including control. Five levels of K (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg ha-1) were considered for the treatments such as T1 (K Control), T2 (15 kg K ha^-1), T3 (30 kg K ha-1), T4 (45 kg K ha^-1), T5 (60 kg K ha^-1) along with the blanket dose of other fertilizers of N18P20S10Zn2B1.5 kg ha-1 and cowdung 3 t ha^-1 . The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with thrice replicates having 15 unit plots. The unit plot size was 12 m2 (4 m × 3 m). 2.3. Agronomic Practices Before plot preparation, cowdung was applied in the experimental field. The unit plot (4 m x 3 m) was prepared by manually with spade. Every plot received an equal amount of other fertilizers at N18P20S10Zn2B1.5 kg ha-1 as urea, TSP, gypsum, zinc sulphate and boric acid. The potassium was applied treatment-wise as muriat of potash (MoP). The unit plots were separated from each other by an alley of 50 cm width. Seeds of lentil (cv. BARI Masur-7) were treated using the fungicide Provex 200 (at 2.5 g kg^-1 seeds) before sowing to control root rot disease. Treated seeds were sown (@ 35 kg ha^-1) continuously in rows (10 rows/plot) maintaining row to row spacing of 30 cm on 13 November, 2015 and 12 November, 2016. Manually weeding as well as thining of seedlings was done at 25 days after sowing (DAS). Again, hand weeding was done at 50 DAS. Three sprays were done with fungicide of Rovral starting from 55 DAS to control Stemphylium blight disease and two times insecticide (Karate @ 2 ml L^-1 of water) sprayed at 10 days interval starting from 60 DAS to overcome insect infestation. The crop was harvested at maturity. Data on seed yield (kg ha-1) at around 10% moisture basis were recorded from the whole plot technique. For stover yield (kg ha^-1), mature plants were collected from two 1m2 quadrates in each plot at harvest time. The yield contributing characters namely: number of branches per plant, plant height and number of pods plant-1 were recorded from ten plants selected randomly from each unit plot. Pods were detached from every plant and the number of pods per plant was counted and averaged. Thousand seed weight (g) was determined by the counting of 500 seeds randomly from each plot and weighing through electronic balance and converting it into 1000-seed weight. For nodule counting per plant, 5 plants from each plot were selected randomly at seedling, vegetative, flowering and podding stages. Plants were smoothly uprooted and the soil from roots was removed carefully using tap water. Separated nodules were sliced into two pieces to observe the inside color for nodules activity. The light-pink or red coloured nodules were considered active. The percentage of harvest index (HI) was determined by the formula.

Source of Information: Journal of Energy and Natural Resources 2019; 8(3): 116-126, ISSN: 2330-7366 (Print); ISSN: 2330-7404 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/jenr doi: 10.11648/j.jenr.20190803.13

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From two years study, it is clear that different rates of K significantly increased the seed yield of lentils. The application of potassium 60 kg ha^-1 contributed significantly to have had more pod setting and seed weight, which ultimately enhanced the seed yield. The use of 60 kg K ha-1 followed by 45 kg K ha^-1 had a significant effect to obtain the maximum number of nodules per plant and the highest protein content in seed. The total uptake of N, P, K, S, Zn and B was also highest in the plot receiving of 60 kg K ha^-1. The same dose was observed economically sound. Use of 60 kg K ha^-1 followed by 45 kg K ha^-1 showed encouraging effects on soil organic matter, total N, available P, K, Zn and B. Results of the current study suggested that 60 kg K ha^-1 along with N18P20S10Zn2B1.5 kg ha^-1 is better for yield maximization of lentil and sustained the fertility of calcareous soils in Bangladesh. The present experiment also highlighted the readjustment of K fertilizer dose by further study and to better understand the dynamics of K in lentil production.

Knowledge Management: Journal