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Larval Breeding Habitats and Ecological Factors Influence the Species Composition of Mosquito (diptera:culicidae) in the Parks of Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Afroza Sultana*
Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh

Sharmin Hasan
Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Mosquito larval ecology is prerequisite for determining the larval abundance and species assemblage in mosquito control program. The study explored the association of five mosquito species with their breeding habitatdiversity and species distribution in three selected parks from May to October, 2015. A total of 3217 mosquito larvae were reported from six breeding habitats, namely tree hole, leaf axils, water bottle, tire, drain and coconut cover. The frequency of the three species (Ae.aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Ar. subalbatus) coexistence was higher in tree holes (82.4%) than that of the other coexisting species. Pearson Chi-square result revealed that the association of species was significantly dependent on the breeding habitats. ANOVA further suggested that mosquito density varied across habitats where among the highest density of Cx. quinquefasciatus(3.87±0.22) found in drain, followed by both Ae. albopictus (2.02±0.17) and Ar. subalbatus (0.50±0.09) in tree holes and Ae. aegypti (1.25±0.23) in coconut cover. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus occurred in drain with the least observed density (0.03± 0.01). CCA results suggested that Aedes species were likely preferred to oviposit in shaded habitats where pH was associated with Ae. albopictus and dissolved oxygen was with Ae. aegypti and Ar. subalbatus. Culexspecies were positively associated with the habitats characterizing muddy bottom and emerging vegetation but not with any of the physico-chemical parameters. These findings concluded that ecological factors influence mosquito species to favor their breeding habitats can be helpful in controlling targeted vector species as well as the mosquito borne diseases.

Keywords: Mosquito, Coexistence, Breeding habitats, Physico-chemical parameters

Location: May to October,2015.

Start Date: 00-04-2015

End Date: 00-10-2015

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Mosquito Bug

Objectives:

we analyzed the abundance of different mosquito species along with the degree of association in both natural and artificial habitats. We also determined the physical and physico-chemical properties that influence on the distribution of mosquito in the parks of Dhaka city.

Methodology:

Sampling sites:The study was conducted in the three parks of Dhaka city, namely Osmani Uddyan (23⁰43′′33.34′ N to 90⁰24′′27.17′ E), Suhrawardi Uddyan (23⁰43′′57.80′N to 90⁰23′′59.01′E), and Baldha Garden (23⁰43′′00.21′N to90⁰25′′09.24′E). A total of six breeding habitats such as tree hole, leaf axils, drain, coconut cover, discarded tire and discarded water bottle were selected from these parks. Mosquito larval sampling and identification:A total of 182 breeding sites belonging to the following six breeding habitats were randomly sampled: Tree hole (n = 38), leaf axils (n = 30), water bottle (n = 42), tire (n = 23), drain (n = 29), and coconut cover (n = 20). Tree hole and leaf axils were mostly found in the following tree species: Artocarpus heterophyllus, Anthocephalus chinensis, Delonix regia, Mangifera indica, Musa sapientum, Litchi chinenses, Mimusops elengi, Ployalthia longifolia, Artabotryss uncinatus, Hevea brasiliensis, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium cumini and Accacia moniformis. Larvae were collected from different breeding sites by using dipper (Service 1993) and different size pipettes once in a month during the period of May to October in 2015. The collected larvae were kept in small plastic jars with water in the cages for adult emergence. A few of them were taken into 70% alcohol in vials for further identification. Adults were identified morphologically by using taxonomic methods (Rueda 2004) with the help of a stereoscopic microscope.Characterization of larval habitats:In order to analyze the physical properties of each breeding habitat, several parameters such as depth, width, vegetation cover, habitat bottom and light condition were recorded. Habitat depth and width were measured using a metal ruler in sampling points. While the presence or absence of vegetation, bottom status and light were visually codified as present = 1 and absent = 0.The nature of habitat bottom was classified into muddy and transparent while light condition was classified into shaded and semi-shaded. Water chemistry:Water pH and electrical conductivity of mosquito breeding habitats were calculated by pH meter and electrical conductivity meter (Sense Ion, 156; HACH USA), respectively. Water temperature was recorded with a digital thermometer (Fisher, USA). Other parameters including total dissolved solids (2100Q; HACH, USA) and dissolved oxygen (HQ 30 D; HACH, USA) were measured during larval sampling on site following the standard method by APHA (2005).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 45(2): 111-122, 2017ISSN: 0304-9027 (print)2408-8455 (online)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v45i2.35706

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Present findings suggested that mosquito larval abundance might be influenced by both physical and physico-chemical variables where each variable has an effect on mosquito breeding habitats preference. The coexistence nature of different mosquito species identified that bolstered an idea about their choice of shared habitats for oviposition. Ae.albopictusshowed an affinity to shaded habitats with water pH. Ae. aegypti and Ar. subalbatus preferred shaded and semi-shaded habitats in the presence of the higher dissolved oxygen,respectively. Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus occurred in the breeding habitats (drain) having vegetation. A strong positive association between mosquito abundance and the physical and physico-chemical characteristics of breeding habitats inferred that these habitats were well suitable for larval oviposition, growth and development. Therefore, present findings might help to further research on mosquito ecology focusing on breeding water chemistry and influencing environmental variables that might be implemented to identify the actual breeding sites for vector control; thus, enhancing the effectiveness to design breeding habitat control strategies.

Knowledge Management: Journal