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Element Composition of the Atmospheric Depositions in Bangladesh

Jatish Chandra Biswas
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Md Mozammel Haque*
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Mahmuda Akter
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A. T. M. Sakhawat Hossain
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Faruk Hossain Khan
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Md Zakaria Ibne Baki
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abu Bakar Siddique Sarker
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Md Rafiqul Islam
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Compositions of dry and wet atmospheric depositions vary depending on geographic locations and industrialization. Fog waters were collected from different regions of Bangladesh along with rain, sub-surface irrigation water and dust particles from Gazipur and compositions were analyzed. The compositions of fog water varied greatly among locations. The ammonium nitrogen (NH⁺₄-N) content was the highest (36 - 37 ppm) in Gazipur district and the lowest in Sylhet district (3.2 - 3.6 ppm). Phosphorus (5.2 - 5.5 mg/L), K (29.5 - 30 mg/L), S (11.0 - 11.5 mg/L), Zn (2.9 - 3.3 mg/L), Na (11.7 - 12.5 mg/L), Ca (22.0 - 23.3 mg/L) and Cd (0.14 - 0.17 mg/L) contents were also higher in Gazipur district. Dust particles, rain and sub-surface irrigation water of Gazipur district contained considerable amounts of macro and micro elements. We conclude that dry and wet atmospheric depositions varied depending on locations and industrial development. Such study needs to be correlated with ecological consequences and soil fertility management.

Keywords: Water, Dust, Chemical Composition, Regions

Location: Habiganj, Rangpur, Sylhet, Sonagazi, Rajshahi, Gazipur and Comilla regions of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2015

End Date: 00-00-2016

Program Area: Knowledge Management

Non-commodity: Weather/Climate

Objectives:

A study was undertaken to determine chemical compositions of dust particles and fog water for different regions of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Fog waters were collected in winter seasons of 2015-2016 from Habiganj, Rangpur, Sylhet, Sonagazi, Rajshahi, Gazipur and Comilla regions of Bangladesh. Dust particles, subsurface irrigation water and rain water were collected only from the campus of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur during 2017. Dust particles and subsurface irrigation water (deep tubewell) were collected in April, and rain water in August, 2017. Fresh white polythene was placed in the field for collection of fog water. The polythene size was 1-x1-m with three replications. After collection of fog water it was transferred into 50 ml plastic bottles. Similarly, deep tubewell water was also collected. Plastic pot was used for collection of rain water at BRRI farm area. All water samples were filtered (glass A/E filter) within a day of collection and refrigerated at 4?C until analysis. Dust particle were collected from Bangladesh agricultural research institute (BARI) and BRRI farm areas. Dust particles were collected in fresh polythene sheet placed beneath 50 trees at 30 cm above soil surface through shaking of tree branches. After collection, dust particles were mixed and keep in polythene bags for chemical analyses.

2.2. Chemical Analysis:

Dust particle was analyzed for total N (Jeldhal methods) and organic carbon content (Walkley and Black method; [23] . One g dust sample was digested using a strong di-acid solution nitric acid and perchloric acid (HNO₃ and HClO₄) for quantifying total P, K, S, Zn, Ca and Na contents by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS; Shimadzu Model AA-7200, Shimadzu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) flame photometer (Sherwood Model 410, UK) and Spectrophotometer (V-630 UV, USA). Fog, rain and subsurface irrigation waters were quantified using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrophotometer (GBC model X-100, Australia.

2.3. Statistical Analysis:

Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS software. Fisher’s protected least significant difference (LSD) was calculated at the 0.05 probability level for making chemical composition mean comparisons.

Source of Information: Journal of Environmental Protection > Vol.9 No.9, August 2018

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.4236/jep.2018.99059

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Industrial development and vehicle movements have increased tremendously in Gazipur district, Bangladesh and thus the highest amounts of different elements were present in fog water, rain water and dust particles. The consequences of such depositions on ecology and crop performances need to be evaluated.

Knowledge Management: Journal