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Research Detail

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K. K. Sarker
Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A. R. Akanda
Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. A. Hossain
Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. A. Rashid
Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Solar powered water pumping system plays an important role in irrigation and water management. It is necessary to compare the economic and technical feasibility for crop production to develop data base for irrigation experts, policy makers, farmers and private entrepreneurs and water management. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the technical and economic analysis of solar, diesel and electric powered water pumping for irrigation at different locations in Bangladesh. Primary and secondary data were collected through field survey, monitoring and  questionnaire survey  in 2015 and 2016. A total of 12 samples for solar powered irrigation system, 2 samples for  solar powered irrigation with household electrical-grid supply system, 4 samples for electric powered irrigation pump systems and 4 samples for diesel powered irrigation pumping system were randomly selected for this study. Other information was gathered from national and international experiences, and related past literatures .  Five case studies (two solar powered, two electric powered and one diesel powered irrigation system) were randomly selected for details economic analysis to assess and compare the benefit cost ratio (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV).The survey study indicated that the cost of pumped irrigation water  using panels of solar photovoltaic cells with accessories was between Tk 2,413,010 and Tk 5,500,000 with the panel capacity range from 4.2 kW to 14kW. In contrast, diesel powered pumping units of capacities between 2.98 KW and 4.48 KW  cost  Tk 25,000–Tk 35000.The costs of electricity powered pumps of capacities, 3.73 KW to 18.65 KW cost  Tk 120,000 – Tk 1,000,000. . The highest gross margin was estimated from electric powered irrigation compared to solar and diesel powered irrigation system for various crops cultivation, while lower gross margin was estimated from diesel powered irrigation pumps due to lower gross irrigated area for crop production. Among the case studies, BCR was found 0.10 and 0.05 in solar powered irrigation and solar powered irrigation with household electrical-grid supply system, respectively. IRR and NPV were found negative which indicates that these systems are not economically profitable.BCR, IRR and NPV were found highest 1.39, 44% and Tk 2,00,511 in electric powered irrigation (centrifugal pump) system compared with other power sources, which indicates that this system is profitable. Based on existing farmers’ field condition, as is evident by now, solar powered irrigation pumping systems require high initial costs. However,an economic evaluation of solar powered system could be considered in future for its multipurpose uses such as, solar-cum-diesel powered irrigation pumping system for crop production and drinking water supply, electrification to villages for providing lighting, fans and lighting at street, water supply for fish culture and other community services like as telecommunication.

 

  Solar pump, Solar energy, Economic benefits, Electric pumps, Diesel pumps
  Bogra, Gaibandha, Dinajpur, Manikgonj, Mymensingh and Sherpur districts of Bangladesh
  00-00-2015
  00-00-2016
  Farm Mechanization
  Evaluation
  • To assess the technical performance of the solar pump by using solar  energy
  • To assess the economic benefits of  solar pumps  compared to that of electric and diesel pumps
  • To identify the constraints and compare the advantages or disadvantages of solar pumps with electric and  diesel pumps

Study area:

This study was conducted in Bogra, Gaibandha, Dinajpur, Manikgonj, Mymensingh and Sherpur districts of Bangladesh. Field survey was conducted in 2015-2016. The study depended  upon primary and secondary data collection  through questionnaire survey among the farmers who are using diesel or electric operated pumps and solar  pumps for irrigation.

Data collection and presentation:

Primary and secondary data were collected through direct field survey, monitoring through questionnaire from farmers and companies by researchers. Data were also collected from upazila agriculture officer, sub-assistant agriculture officer (SAAO), NGO officers and farmers regarding assessment and the management of solar, diesel and electric irrigation pumping systems. Other information was collected from national and international experiences related to past literature and various websites. Three power sources (solar, diesel and electricity) were considered for existing crop irrigation at different locations. A total of 12 samples for solar powered irrigation system, 2 samples for  solar powered irrigation with household electrical-grid supply system, 4 samples for electric powered irrigation pump systems and 4 samples for diesel powered irrigation pumping system were randomly selected for interview via questionnaire by researchers at different locations of Bangladesh. Technical parameters of the solar, diesel and electric pumps, like pump’s discharge, existing irrigated command area, irrigation methods, irrigated crops, crops yield, irrigation surcharge cost parameters and return were collected through questionnaire. The overall research methodology was divided into four components: field visit, data collection, techno-economical evaluation and output analysis. 

Economic analysis:

Economic analysis was done to compare solar pumping system with the existing electric and diesel pumping system for irrigation. Total costs were divided into two parts: capital cost and variable cost. Variable cost (VC) referred to all variable costs including the repair, maintenance and operator’s charge for the pumps.The gross return was calculated by multiplying existing irrigated covered area for crop production by the system of diesel and electric powered system and irrigated covered area with electricity supply at household and fish culture by the solar powered system with charge. Gross margin (GM) was also calculated by deducting the variable cost from the gross return. In this study, five case studies (two solar powered, two electric powered and one diesel powered irrigation system) were randomly selected to analysis and compare the benefit cost ratio (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). The following equations were considered to assess the BCR, IRR and NPV. 

  Annual Research Report 2015-2016, Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh
  
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

Realistic economic analysis of solar powered irrigation system is difficult to translate into an accurate long-term cost projection because of the number of complex factors involved in Bangladesh. In this study, some economic parameters were defined and described and some of the methods were used for economic evaluations. Based on existing farmers’ field condition, the following conclusions can be drawn.

  • The initial cost of solar thermal devices and systems are still very high.
  • The highest gross margin was estimated from electric powered irrigation system compared to solar and diesel powered irrigation system for various crop cultivations.
  • Among the case studies, BCR, IRR and NPV were found the highest, 1.39, 44% and Tk 2,00,511 at 8.5% discount rate in electric powered irrigation (centrifugal pump) system compared to other power sources which indicates that electric powered irrigation pumping (centrifugal) system is profitable.
  • In this study, BCR was found 0.10 and 0.05 in solar powered irrigation and solar powered irrigation with household electrical-grid supply systems, respectively. IRR and NPV were found negative which indicate that these systems are not economically profitable.
  • Similarly, irrigation systems with diesel powered pumps and electricity powered DTWs (Submersible pump) were found not economically viable.
  • Solar powered irrigation system has a good prospect where it can be utilized  for irrigation to different crops and its multipurpose uses such as, solar-cum-diesel powered irrigation pumping system for crop production and drinking water supply, electrification to villages for providing lighting, fans and lighting at street, water supply for fish culture and other community services like  telecommunication in Bangladesh.

However, this study revealed that solar powered irrigation pumping systems are not economically and technically viable at this stage in Bangladesh. It might be made viable by reducing the prices of the solar panel and other accessories and  by providing subsidy to the farmers, especially for non-rice crops. Pumping of surface water with solar pumps may be more feasible than pumping of groundwater.

  Report/Proceedings
  

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