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Growth and Yield of Sweet Orange as Influenced by Timing of Fertilizer Application and Method of Irrigation (2017-2018)

K. K. Sarker
Irrigation and Water Management Division, BARI, Garizpur, Bangladesh

A. Khatun
Irrigation and Water Management Division, BARI, Garizpur, Bangladesh

S. K. Biswas
Irrigation and Water Management Division, BARI, Garizpur, Bangladesh

M. G. Shaha
Irrigation and Water Management Division, BARI, Garizpur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was carried out at the experimental field of Irrigation and Water Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur to determine the appropriate timing of fertilizer application and the irrigation method on the fruits yield and water use of sweet orange. The experiment was designed with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were: T₁=Rainfed (normal practice), T₂=Irrigation at 10 days interval by ring basin method (November-May) with recommended fertilizers applied two times in a year, T₃=Irrigation at 15 days interval by ring basin method (November-May) with recommended fertilizers applied four times in a year, T₄= Drip irrigation at five days interval (November-May) with fertilizer application at two months interval, T₅=Drip irrigation at five days interval (November-May) with fertilizer application at once in a month. Results of this study indicated that yield contributing parameters (fruit length, diameter, fruit number and unit fruit weight) and total fruits yield were found almost similar trend of T₂, T₃, T₄ and T₅ but higher than T_1.. The treatment T₃ with irrigation at 15 days interval by ring basin method with fertilizers applied at three months interval and the treatment of T₄with drip irrigation at five days interval with fertilizer application at two months interval performed better in plant growth and fruit yield than other treatments. Seasonal irrigation water use was lower in drip irrigation system of T₄ and T₅ than ring basing of T₂ and T₃ in each year. Drip or ring basin method could be an irrigation strategy for sweet orange cultivation due to better plant growth, number of fruits, fruits length and diameter, yield and water use. However, this is an on-going study, and for the fifth time, excellent bearing is being observed during the year of 2016 and 2017. Definite conclusions may be drawn after the completion of the study cycle.

Keywords: Irrigation, Critical stages of irrigation, Fertilizer application, Fruit yield, Fruit, Fertilizer

Location: IWM research field, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2018

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water management, Fertilizer and manures, Sweet orange

Objectives:

to determine an appropriate schedule and method of irrigation,
to find the critical stages of irrigation, and
to find out the proper timing of fertilizer application to trees for proper growth and fruit yield.

Methodology:

A new orchard of sweet orange was established at IWM research field, BARI, Gazipur in 2012. The field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with five treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of T₁ = Rainfed (normal practice); T₂ = Irrigation at 10 days interval by ring basin method (November-May) with recommended fertilizer applied two times in a year; T₃ = Irrigation at 15 days interval by ring basin method (November-May) with recommended fertilizer applied four times in a year; T₄= Drip irrigation at five days interval (November-May) with fertilizer application at two months interval; T₅= Drip irrigation at five days interval (November-May) with fertilizer application once in a month. One-year-old grafted saplings of sweet orange (BARI Malta-1) were planted on 14 October, 2012. Decomposed cowdung and fertilizers were applied as per treatments. The fertilizers were applied in dibbling method. Irrigations were done in drip and ring basin methods as per treatments. The growth and physiological data are being recorded. Measured amount of irrigation water are being applied as per treatments. Recommended doses of fertilizers were applied as per fertilizer recommendation guide (FRG, 2012). Before planting, recommended decomposed cowdung, P, S and B were applied in pit as basal dose and mixed thoroughly with the soil 15-20 days before planting of sapling followed by irrigation. For growing trees, the recommended fertilizers were applied in equal splits according to treatments. Fertilizer was applied around the tree up to the canopy spread leaving 50-150 cm from the tree base and mixed gently with the soil followed by irrigation. Irrigation water was applied to each plant according to the treatments based on the pan evaporation method. The amount of irrigation water calculation was done as per Kanber (1984) and Reddi and Reddy (2009). Values of pan coefficient, crop coefficient, % welled area & system application efficiency were also considered as per report of Kanber (1984) and Reddi and Reddy (2009). Each plant was supplied with two drippers in drip irrigation system at initial stage. Presently, each plant has got four drippers in drip irrigation system with increased water demand due to increase in plant age, canopy and root system. The growth data like plant height, stem diameter and yield were recorded in time i.e., once in a month. Adequate plant protection measures were adopted when required. Mean data were analyzed to compare among the treatments.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2017-2018, Irrigation and Water Management Division, BARI, Garizpur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on four years study, fertilization at an interval of one or two month with irrigation at 5 days interval (November - May) through drip system (T₄ or T₅) and four times in a year irrigation at 10-15 days interval by ring basin method (November-May) (T₃) were performed better in terms of fruits number, fruit length and diameter, fruits yield and quality of fruits. Fruits yield and yield contributing characters were found to nearly similar trends in treatment T₂ T₄ and T₅ but greater than T₁. Drip or ring basing could be the irrigation strategies to obtain better number of fruits, fruit length and diameter and yield. This is an ongoing study. Most of the trees are now in bearing stage. Excellent bearing is being observed for the fifth times. After 5-6 crop cycles, more conclusive remarks on the findings can be made.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings