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Effect of Tillage and Nitrogen on the Mustard- Boro- T. Aman Rice Cropping System Under Conservation Agriculture Practice (2018-19)

N Salahin
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

MK Alam
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A.T.M.A.I. Mondol
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

MJ Alam
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

S. Akhter
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at BARI Joydebpur in 2016-2017, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 to evaluate the effects of tillage and nitrogen fertilizer on soil physico-chemical properties and crop yields in the Mustard- Boro-T.Aman cropping system. Two tillage practices such as, T₁: conventional tillage (CT) and T₂: strip tillage (ST) was assigned in main plot and three levels of N fertilizer such as N₁: 25% lower N-fertilizer dose, N₂: 100% of recommended N-fertilizer dose (RND) and N₃: 25% higher N-fertilizer dose was allotted in sub-plot in a split-plot design with three replications. Regardless of tillage practices, different N-levels had significant effects on yield and yield attributes of T. Aman and Boro rice. The highest grain was recorded in 25% higher N dose (5.41 & 5.87 t ha^-1) which was statistically identical to 100% RND (5.38 & 5.83 t ha^-1) outperformed 25% lower N dose (4.59 & 4.98 t ha^-1) for T.Aman and Boro rice, respectively. The ST practice conserved soil moisture at around the FC over CT practice during mustard growing period, consequently gave significantly higher seed yield (1.34 t ha^-1) was obtained in ST compared to CT (1.17 t ha^-1). Similarly, the highest seed yield (1.37 t ha^-1) was obtained in 25% higher N dose which was statistically identical to 100% RND (1.35 t ha^-1) and lowest seed (1.04 t ha^-1) was obtained in 25% lower N dose. The ST and 25% higher N dose gave the significantly maximum REY. After harvest of 7^th crop, it was observed the increasing trend of SOM, TN and available P concentrations under minimum tillage system compared to conventional tillage system. After 7^th crop harvest, it was observed that the crop yields as well as cropping system productivity under ST increased with the increased rates of N fertilizer with improving of soil properties, while yields under CT decreased with in spite of increased rate of N fertilizer

Keywords: Cropping system, Nitrogen fertilizer, Tillage, Soil physico-chemical properties

Location: Central Research Farm, BARI, Joydebpur

Start Date: 00-00-2016

End Date: 00-00-2019

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Cropping System

Objectives:

To determine the optimum rate of nitrogen fertilizer for the intensive Mustard- Boro- T. Aman cropping system under conservation agriculture practice,
To evaluate the effects of tillage and nitrogen fertilizer on soil physico-chemical properties and crop yields in the rice–based cropping system, and
To assess the system productivity in the intensive rice-based cropping system.

Methodology:

Description of experimental site: The experiment was started at BARI Central Research Farm, Joydebpur in 2016-2017, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. The study area was under the agro-ecological zone “Madhupur Tract” (AEZ-28). Initial soil properties of the experimental field were determined and information of soil texture, bulk density, soil moisture content, soil pH, soil organic matter, total N, exchangeable K, available P, S, Zn, and B contents at 0-15 cm soil depths were recorded. Treatments and design: The unit experimental plot area was 7.2 m × 3.5 m at Joydebpur and the design of the experiment was split-plot with three replications. The two tillage practices such as, T₁: conventional tillage (CT) and T₂: strip tillage (ST) were assigned in main plot and three levels of N fertilizer, such as N₁: 25% lower N-fertilizer dose, N₂: 100% of recommended N-fertilizer dose (RND) and N₃: 25% higher N-fertilizer dose was allotted in sub-plot. Sowing/transplanting: At the initiation of the experiment, the plots were separated from each other according to the layout. Strip tillage was done by power tiller operated seeder (PTOS) with one pass whereas conventional tillage was by power tiller with two passes followed by two laddering. T. Aman rice (BRRI dhan 72) seedlings were transplanted on 02 August 2018 maintaining 20 cm × 20 cm spacing, mustard (BARI sharisha-14) seeds were sown on 16^th November 2018 at 30 cm apart from rows continuously and Boro rice (BRRI dhan 28) seedlings were transplanted on 14 March 2019. The rates of chemical fertilizers were N₆₈P₈K₄₈S₇Zn₁for T.Aman, N₁₀₂P₂₂K₅₄S₁₀Zn₁B_0.5for mustard and N₁₅₃P₁₃K₇₂S₁₂Zn₁for Boro according to STB followed by FRG-2012. For T. Aman rice, all fertilizers except urea were applied as basal dose and urea was applied at 3 equal splits at 5 DAT, 30 DAT and 48 DAT. In case of mustard, whole amount of the fertilizers with half amount urea of respective N-levels was applied as basal dose whereas rest half amount of urea was applied at 30 days after sowing (DAS). After that, hand weeding (just uprooting the weeds by hand, therefore, no soil pulverization occurred in ST practice) was done once only at 28^th DAS. For Boro rice, all fertilizers except urea were applied as basal dose and urea was applied at 3 equal splits at 6 DAT, 35 DAT and 52 DAT. Crop harvesting and data collection: T.Aman was harvested on 15 November 2018, mustard was harvested on 09 Feb. 2019 and Boro was harvested on 18 June 2019. Two square meter area from each plot was selected for data collection. Ten (10) plants of each plot were selected for yield contributing characters. Thousand seed weights was measured plot wise. The plants were cut, then threshed, cleaned, sun-dried and weighed of grain and straw separately from 2.0 m² area of each plot. Finally, the grain and straw were converted into t ha^-1. Statistical analysis: All the crop data and soil properties at selected depths were statistically analyzed using a split-plot design. Treatment effects on measured variables were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparisons among treatment means were made using the least significant difference (LSD) multiple range test calculated at 5% level of probability (P ≤ 0.05). Statistical procedures were carried out with the software program “Statistix for Windows (1998)”.

Source of Information: Annual Report 2018-2019, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The single effect of N fertilizer on T.Aman and Boro rice yield was significantly different, while the yield under 25% higher N dose (5.41 and 5.87 t ha^-1) and 100% RND (5.38 and 5.83 t ha^-1) outperformed 25% lower N dose (4.59 and 4.98 t ha^-1). In case of mustard, significantly the highest seed yield was obtained from ST with 25% higher N dose (1.55 t ha^-1) than the other combinations. Consequently, significantly the highest REY was obtained from ST with 25% higher N dose (15.9 t ha^-1year^-1) plus 100% RND (15.2 t ha^-1year^-1) than the other combinations. It was observed an increasing trend in OM, TN and available P concentrations in soil under minimal tillage system compared to conventional tillage system after 7^th crop harvest. Finally, it could be concluded that the crop yields as well as cropping system productivity increased under minimum tillage with the increased rates of N fertilizer with improving of soil properties.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings