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Management of Tomato Seedling Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia Solani in Seedbed with Trichoderma Harzianum

MD. IQBAL FARUK
PSO
Plant Pathology Division, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Mass production of Trichoderma harzianum bio-fungicides was done on the substrates rice bran, wheat bran, grass pea bran and their combinations with mustard oilcake (MOC) for the management of seedling rot disease of tomato caused by Rhizoctonia solani in the seedbed. Individual and combine the use of carrier materials based T. harzianum bio-fungicides were effective in increasing seedling emergence and reducing pre-emergence as well as post-emergence mortality of tomato seedlings under R. solani inoculated seedbed condition. Besides, vegetative growth of tomato seedlings viz. shoot length, shoot weight, root length and root weight were enhanced significantly by the different carrier material based T. harzianum bio-fungicides in R. solani sick seedbed condition. The individual (rice bran, wheat bran, grass pea bran) and combination of substrates (rice bran + wheat bran, rice bran + mustard oilcake, rice bran + wheat bran + MOC and wheat bran + grass pea bran + MOC) were equally suitable for mass production of effective T. harzianum bio-fungicides for the management of seedling rot disease of tomato in seedbed condition.

Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum, Bio-fungicide, Rhizoctonia solani, tomato, seedling rot, Seedbed.

Location: Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases, Tomato

Objectives:

To evaluate different organic substrates and their combinations as carrier materials to prepare T. harzianum bio-fungicides for effective management of seedling rot of tomato caused by R. solani in seedbed.

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted to assay the suitability of different carrier materials for mass multiplication of T. harzianum to be used as bio-fungicides for controlling the seedling rot disease of tomato caused by R. solani in seedbed under net house condition of Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during the years from 2010 to 2014. The required amount of barley grains were completely colonized with pathogenic fungus R. solani in Erlenmeyer flak and it was incorporated with the seedbed soils @100 g/m² soil. The inoculated seedbed soil was then allowed to grow R. solani for 10 days with proper soil moisture. Seventy two isolates of T. harzianum were obtained from different locations in Bangladesh and their efficacy was tested against different soil borne pathogens including R. solani in the laboratory. Few isolates of T. harzianum including TM7 were found more vigorous to suppress the soil-borne pathogens. A pure culture of T. harzianum (TM7) was grown in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium which was used as inoculums of bio-fungicide. Rice bran, wheat bran, grass pea bran and their combination with mustard oilcake (MOC) were used as substrates for mass multiplication of T. harzianum. The treatment (substrates) combinations of the experiment were T₁= Rice bran, T₂= Wheat bran, T₃= Grasspea bran, T₄= Rice bran + Wheat bran (1:1), T₅=Rice bran + Grasspea bran (1:1), T₆= Rice bran + Mustard oilcake (1:1), T₇= Rice bran + Wheat bran + MOC (1:1:1), T₈= Rice bran + Grasspea bran + MOC (1:1:1), T₉= Wheat bran + Grasspea bran + MOC (1:1:1), T₁₀= Rice bran + Wheat bran + Grass pea bran+ MOC(1:1:1:1), T₁₁=Seed treatment with provax and T₁₂= Control. According to the treatment combinations, 600 g of individual or combination of substrate materials were taken separately in a 1000 ml Erlenmeyer flask. The flask with substrate materials was sterilized in an autoclave at 121⁰C for 15 minutes and cooled down to make it ready for inoculation. The sterilized substrate was inoculated individually with a 5 mm diameter mycelia disc of the five-day-old culture of T. harzianum grown on PDA and then incubated at 25±2 ⁰C for 15 days. After incubation, the colonized substrates were removed from the flasks and air-dried and finally preserved in the refrigerator at 10 ⁰C. The colonized substrates were incorporated separately with the previously R. solani inoculated seedbed soils @100 g/m² soil and kept for 7 days with proper soil moisture to ensure the establishment of T. harzianum in the soil. The control bed did not receive any colonized substrate except the inoculum of R. solani. The seeds of BARI Tomato-2 (Raton) were sown in the seedbed @ 200 seeds per treatment. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Proper weeding, irrigation and intercultural operations were done to raise tomato seedlings in the seedbed. Data were collected on percent seedling emergence, seedling mortality, shoot height, shoot weight, root length and root weight of tomato seedlings. The data were analyzed statistically by using the MSTATC program. The treatment effects were compared by applying the least significant difference (LSD) test at the p=0.05 level.

Source of Information: Agric Res J 53 (2) : 248-253, June 2016

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the results, it was revealed that individual and combined use of different carrier materials based T. harzianum bio-fungicides were effective in increasing seedling emergence and reducing pre-emergence as well as post-emergence mortality of tomato seedling under R. solani inoculated seedbed condition in addition to the promotion of shoot length, shoot weight, root length and root weight of tomato seedlings. The individual (rice bran, wheat bran, grass pea bran) and combined (rice bran + wheat bran, rice bran + mustard oilcake, rice bran + wheat bran + MOC and wheat bran + grass pea bran + MOC) use of carrier materials were almost equally suitable for mass production of effective T. harzianum bio-fungicides for the management of seedling rot disease of tomato in seedbed condition.

Knowledge Management: Journal