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Effect of Conservation Tillage and Forms of Urea on Soil Physico-chemical Properties and Performances of Crops Under Gardenpea-aroid-monsoon Rice (2018-19)

Md. Khairul Alam
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

N.C. Shil
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A.T.M.A.I. Mondol
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

N. Salahin
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

S. Akhter
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M.J. Alam
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment on Gardenpea-Aroid-Monsoon rice cropping system was conducted in Grey Terrace soils under Madhupur Tract agroecological zone (AEZ-28) during 2018-2019 to observe the effect of conservation tillage practice (strip tillage) and forms of urea on soil properties and crop yields, to explore the optimum combination of tillage practice and forms of urea in terms of yield and nutrient use. The effects of conservation tillage were compared with conventional crop establishment practice. In addition, performance of prilled urea in contrast with urea super granule were also evaluated under the crop establishment practices, laid out in a split plot design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The yield contributing characters of garden pea (germination percentage, plant height, number of pods plant^-1, number of seeds pod^-1) were influenced by tillage practices. The yield of crops (green pod yield and grain yield) was found higher in soils under strip planting practices than conventional practices. The increased yields in strip planting practices might be associated with higher availability of N during important stages of the crop. The effects of tillage practices on uptake, uptake input proportion, nitrogen use efficiency and recovery efficiency of applied N were significantly higher in strip planting practices than those in conventional practices. The soil properties (i.e., soil moisture, bulk density) were not changed due to tillage practices after one season of conservation tillage cropping.

Keywords: Cropping pattern, Soil properties, Tillage, Urea

Location: BARI, Gazipur

Start Date: 02-09-2018

End Date: 00-00-2019

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Cropping pattern

Objectives:

to develop a protocol for USG application under CA practices,
to study on the soil physical properties improvement under the crop establishment and USG application practices, and
to investigate the performance of crops in the triple crops cropping system under the crop establishment and USG application practices.

Methodology:

The field experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh, for the rabi season of 2018-2019. The physical characteristics and chemical status of the initial soil are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. The experimental site is located at the centre of the agroecological zone of Madhupur tract (AEZ-28) at about 23° 59′ 19′′ north latitude and 90° 24′ 33′′ east longitude having a mean elevation of 8.4 m above mean sea level. The soil belongs to the Chhiata series of the Grey Terrace soils (Aeric Albaquept) under the order Inceptisols in the USDA Soil Taxonomy (Huq and Shoaib, 2013). The morphological and taxonomical characteristics of the experimental site are shown in Table 3. The textural class was clay loam having soil pH 6.2 and the land type is medium high.From late October to mid-March, the minimum and maximum temperatures were in the lowest range whereas the periods from October to May are virtually dry. The relative humidity (%) varied between day and night of which at day time relative humidity was about 90 (%) and at night it fluctuated to a wide range from 43 to 85% in February and March, respectively. The first crop of the cropping system was garden pea which was collected from the Horticulture Research Centre of BARI, Gazipur. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The experimental design was performed as follows: strip tillage, conventional tillage. The N type treatments were not employed in garden peas but the N types were applied to urea super granule (USG) as deep placement and prilled urea which was broadcased. Tillage practices were assigned in the main plots and N types were assigned in the subplots. The unit plot size was 7.2 m × 4 m. The fertilizer doses for garden pea were N 20 kg ha^-1. Three supplemental irrigations were applied at 1, 15 and 30 days after sowing. Weeds in strip plots were controlled partially by spraying a post-emergence selective herbicide, Affinity and only one hand weeding was done at 20 DAS for full elimination of weeds. The soil moisture was monitored intensively with gravimetric method. Garden pea seeds were sown on the 15 December, 2018 followed by irrigation. The row spacing maintained for the pea was 20 cm. The pea was harvested on 11 February 2019. Agronomic data collection: Germination percentage of seeds from each treatment was calculated on the basis hypocotyls appeared above the surface of soil.Phenological observation of garden pea:Ten sample plants from each plot were selected from 1.5 m² quadrates (quadrates were set just after sowing) to determine various phenological characters such as plant height (cm), number of branches plant^-1, number of pods plant^-1, pod length, number of seeds pod^-1, green pod yield, seed yield and stover. The plant height were measured in fresh using a ruler from the point near to soil surface to the longest portion of the plant tip at maturity and then average was calculated. The parameters such as number of branches plant^-1, number of pods plants^-1, number of seeds pods^-1, fresh weight of shoot and dry biomass of shoot and the grain yields (kg ha^-1) were assessed.Collection of soil samples:Soil samples were collected initially and after harvest. The collected soil samples were dried at room temperature mixed thoroughly, grinded, sieved with a 2 mm sieve and preserved in plastic containers for subsequent laboratory analysis. Plant samples were also collected for determining N uptake at harvest which were then analysed in the lab for N content determination. The initial soil samples were then analyzed for SOM, total N, P, K and S. The SOM was determined by wet oxidation, total N by a modified Kjeldahl method and total P by using the SnCl₂ reduction method.The pH was determined through glass electrode pH meter method, K and S were determined through NH₄OAC method and turbidimetric method, respectively. Micronutrients were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Particle size distribution of the initial soil was analysed by the hydrometer method and the textural class was determined using the USDA texture triangle. The BD of the soil samples were determined by core sampler method. Moisture content was determined by gravimetric method. Moisture contents at field capacity, 1 bar and 2 bars were measured though pressure plate method. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE): The NUEs of all crops grown in the present study were estimated separately by dividing grain yield of garden pea crop by total N uptake available during crop growing period. Statistical analysis:The data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics to calculate germination percentage by using Ms-Excel spreadsheet version 2010. Statistics 10 program was employed to determine analysis of variance (ANOVA) of different phenological data of garden pea and the mean values were compared with least significant difference (LSD) at value 0.05.

Source of Information: Annual Report 2018-2019, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Though conservation tillage cropping produced higher yield and N uptake, it is too early to conclude on the effects of tillage practices on yield of crops in garden pea-aroid-T.Aman cropping system and on soil properties.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings