M. A. Hossain
CSO and Head
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur
K. K. Sarker
SSO
HRC, BARI, Gazipur
S. S. A. Kamar
SO
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur
Straw, Irrigation frequency, Crop growth, Crop yield, Maize, Sunflower, Salinity, Osmotic potential, Moisture
The farmers’ fields at Sikandorkhali village, Amtali upazila in Barguna and Tildanga village, Dacope upazila in Khulna districts, Bangladesh
Crop-Soil-Water Management
Soil salinity, Maize, Sunflower, Cropping System
Study area: Two field experiments were conducted in farmers’ fields at Sikandorkhali village, Amtali upazila in Barguna and Tildanga village, Dacope upazila in Khulna districts during rabi season of 2018- 2019. The land situation is medium low land and the soil texture is silty clay loam. Field experiments on sunflower at Amtali and maize at Tildanga were carried out in two locations. The soils were clay loam at Amtali with an average field capacity of 33% (gravimetric water content) and silty-clay loam at Tildanga with an average field capacity of 37.2% (gravimetric water content) and mean bulk density of 1.40 g/cc over the 60 cm soil profile with 15 cm increment of soil layers. Experimental design and treatments: Two field experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with eight irrigation treatments for sunflower and maize, and replicated thrice. Each experiment was conducted in a farmers’ field. The unit plot size was 25 square meter which depended on existing farmers’ block. There were two rice straw treatments (with or without straw), and 4 irrigation frequencies (at intervals of 5-7,10-12,15-17 or 20-25 days). Crop management: Standard crop management practices and irrigation scheduling of different crops were followed over two locations. Maize (BARI Hybrid maize 13), a medium salt tolerant variety was sown at 20 kg seed/ha on 16 December 2018 with a row spacing of 60 cm (row to row) and 25 cm (plant to plant at Tildanga, Dacope and Sunflower (local hybrid: Hisun-33) seed sowing 12 kg/ha with a row to row and plant to plant spacing was considered as 60 and 30 cm, respectively on 9 December 2018 at Amtali, Barguna in dibbling technique under no-tilled system in both locations. Fertilizer was applied in the forms of urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum, borax, and zinc sulphate, respectively. Fertilizers were applied for maize @ N255 P75 K120 S52 Mg15 Zn4, B1.4 kg/ha. One-third of N and K and all of P, K, S, Mg, Zn, Band organic manure (If used) was applied as basal doses below the soil surface as horizontal and vertical separation of seed during planting. Remaining two-third of N and K were applied in two equal splits as top dressing in maize at 30-35 DAS and 50-60 DAS (tasseling stage). For sunflower, fertilizers were applied @ N129 P32 K60 S21 Mg6 Zn2B1.6 kg/ha as basal doses below the soil surface as horizontal and vertical separation of seed during planting and remaining N and K was applied as top dress in two equal splits at 20-25 DAS and 40-45 DAS (before flower initiation stage). In this study, no-tilled system was considered as one of the many types of CT for row crops. Sub-surface placement of band fertilizer was placed. Mixed fertilizers were placed into the sub-soil uniformly and soil packed to minimize fertilizers tie up with manually. Adequate plant protection measures were undertaken at vegetative stages. There was no significant pest or disease infestation in the experimental plots. The crops were sprayed with Rovral-50wp at 0.2% at 30 DAS for prevention against diseases. Maize and sunflower were harvested on 6 April, 2019at Tildanga and 14 April 2019 at Amtali respectively. Crops yield Crop yields were determined at harvest. The mean yields of each crop were taken from the each plot within one square meter. Plants were harvested manually at the ground level from the corner avoiding the border effect. After manual threshing, the cleaned, dried filled grain yields were recorded at desired moisture (12%) content. The yield contributing characters and seed yield of sunflower were recorded from the plants during the experimental period. Five plants were randomly chosen to measure the seed yield components from each treatment. Economical seed yield (t/ha) were measured from the plants harvested from the selected two rows of each plot. Seed yield was manually harvested. The yield contributing characters and seed yield of maize were recorded from the plants during the experimental period. Five plants were randomly chosen to measure the seed yield components from each treatment. Economical grain yield (t/ha) were measured from the plants harvested from the selected two rows of each plot. Maize grain yield was manually harvested. All the treatment mean values were compared following randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil sampling for soil water content, salinity, osmotic potential and pH Soil was collected from each treatment to monitor soil moisture and soil salinity, osmotic potential and pH dynamics at different growth stages and soil profiles. Soils were sampled from 0-15, 15- 30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm soil depths at the time of sowing to harvest. The Electrical conductivity of EC1:5 was determined and converted to salinity ECw of field soil water (dS/m) while using the formula derived from Richards, 1954 and Rengasamy, 2010). Field soil gravimetric moisture content was determined. The soil samples were taken from each plot in 15 cm increments, well mixed together, subsampled, weighed, dried at 105oC, and reweighed to determine gravimetric moisture content. EC1:5 was also converted to osmotic potential (kPa) of field soil solution using the formula derived from Rengasamy, 2010. The soil pH was also monitored. EC1:5 and pH were determined using portable instrument of water and soil conductivity meter with sensor probes (model: TRI-METER, pH/EC & TEMP-983) that can inserted directly into the soil solution. Statistical analysis Data on yield attributes, crop yield and water productivity were statistically analyzed to test the effects of irrigation using R software version 3.5.0. All the treatment means were analyzed and compared for any significant differences using R-statistical models at 5% (P≤0.05) probability level of significant. It is mentioned that the number of irrigation event, amount of applied irrigation water, total water use (TWU) and water productivity (WP) under different irrigation treatments during 2018-2019 were done but the analysis of water related data were not included in this report.
Annual Research Report 2019-2020, Irrigation and Water Management Division, BARI, Gazipur
Report/Proceedings