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Response of Maize Hybrids to Drought Tolerance in Relation to Grain Weight

Ayman El-Sabagh*
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt

Celaleddin Barutcular
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Turkey

Akbar Hossain
Wheat Research Center, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Mohammad Sohidul Islam
Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Maize production in all over the world is influenced unusually due to continuous global climate change. Considering the important issue, the present study was designed to evaluate the response of maize hybrids to drought tolerance in relation to grain weight at grain filling sage. The experimental materials were comprised seven maize hybrids viz., ‘Sancia’, ‘Indaco’, ’71 May 69’, ‘Aaccel’, ‘Calgary’, ’70 May 82’ and ’72 May 80’. These hybrids were evaluated at grain filling stage under two moisture levels (normal irrigation and water deficit condition). Different drought tolerance indices including stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance index (TOL), mean production (MP), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), yield stability index (YSI) and stress susceptibility percentage (SSP) were calculated to evaluate the maize hybrids that are tolerance to drought stress in relation to grain weight. Two years experimental results revealed that yield traits of maize hybrids adversely affected by water stress (drought) conditions due to the reduction in grain weight. However, for increasing yield of maize hybrids under drought conditions can be achieved by selection of maize hybrids according to grain weight. In case of stress tolerance indices, genotypes with high values of STI, GMP, YI, YSI, DI, HM and MP can be recognized as drought tolerant genotypes. Among the tested maize hybrids, ’70 May 80’, ‘Aaccel’ and ‘Indaco’ were selected as drought tolerant genotypes on the basis of STI, GMP, YI, YSI, DI, HM and MP. However, lower value of SSI and TOL can be selected as tolerant genotypes to stress. While, genotypes, ‘Sancia’, ’71May 69’, ‘Indaco’ and ‘Calgary’ were identified as drought resistant genotypes and desirable for stress condition on the basis of SSI and TOL. Interestingly, positive and strong relationship between stress indices, SSI, TOL, STI, GMP, YI, YSI, DI, HM, MP and SSP, and grain weight could be used as selection criteria for maize hybrids responses to drought stress.

Keywords: Grain filling, Grain weight, Maize, Stress indices, Water stress

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Maize

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of maize hybrids to drought tolerance in relation to grain weight by using different selection indices for identification of drought tolerant genotypes that are compatible to grow with stressful and optimal conditions.

Methodology:

Plant material and growing conditions.The experiment was carried out in consecutive two maize growing seasons (2014 and 2015) in the agricultural research area of Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey for evaluating the response of maize hybrids to drought tolerance in relation to grain weight at grain filling sage. The experimental materials were comprised seven maize hybrids viz., ‘Sancia’, ‘Indaco’, ’71 May 69’, ‘Aaccel’, ‘Calgary’, ’70 May 82’ and ’72 May 80’. These hybrids were evaluated at grain filling stage under two moisture levels (normal irrigation and water deficit/water stress). The experiment was laid out in strip-split design with four replications. All the maize hybrids in both the years were sown on 28 June, 2014 and 12 June, 2015, respectively. The amount of water and its time of application and also climatic conditions during the experimentation were presented. The methodologies have been followed as described previously. Sampling, measurements of grain yield traits. At the time of harvesting, the grain weight was determined after separation of kernels and the grain moisture was measured by grain moisture meter (Dicky John model). Calculation of drought tolerance indices. For evaluation of maize hybrids that are tolerance to drought stress, several drought tolerance indices including stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI) and stress susceptibility percentage (SSP) were calculated according to the earlier studies. Statistical analysis. The data were subjected to statistical analysis according to [23]. The treatment means were compared according to [24]. Correlation between different stress tolerance indices in relation to grain yield were performed using analysis of variance technique by MSTAT-C computer software package.

Source of Information: Fresenius Environmental Bulletin Volume 27 – No. 4/2018 pages 2476-2482

Article Link (Online Journal):

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Achievement/Findings:

From the results and discussion of the present study, it can be concluded that yield traits of maize hybrids adversely affected under water stress (drought) conditions due to the reduction in grain weight by altering physiological and bio-chemical process of the affected plant. In case of stress tolerance indices, genotypes with high values of STI, GMP, YI, YSI, DI, HM and MP can be recognized as drought tolerant genotypes. Therefore, on the basis of STI, GMP, YI, YSI, DI, HM and MP genotypes ’70 May 80’, ‘Aaccel’ and ‘Indaco’ were selected as drought tolerant genotypes. However, lower value of SSI and TOL can be selected as tolerant genotypes to stress. So, genotypes ‘Sancia’, ’71May 69’, ‘Indaco’ and ‘Calgary’ were identified as drought resistant genotypes and desirable for stress condition on the basis of SSI and TOL. Interestingly, positive and strong relationship between stress indices, SSI, TOL, STI, GMP, YI, YSI, DI, HM, MP and SSP, and grain weight could be used as selection criteria for maize hybrids responses to drought stress and similarly maize hybrids, ’70 May 80’, ‘Aaccel’ and ‘Indaco’ were also selected as drought tolerant genotypes on the basis of correlation between SSI, TOL, STI, GMP, YI, YSI, DI, HM, MP and SSP, and grain weight. Beside these, GGE biplot analysis is a useful tool for for plant breeders and geneticists to study complex genotype and environment interactions and also found the maize hybrids, ’70 May 80’, ‘Aaccel’ and ‘Indaco’ as drought tolerant genotypes. Therefore, maize hybrids, ’70 May 80’, ‘Aaccel’ and ‘Indaco’ were recommended to grow under water deficit condition (as drought tolerant genotypes).

Knowledge Management: Journal