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Effect of Mulch on Soil Temperature, Soil Moisture Conservation and Yield of Chilli (2018-19)

M.Yasmin
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

F.S. Shikha
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M.A. Rahman
Soil Science Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jamalpur during the period of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 with the objectives to evaluate the effect of different mulch on soil temperature, soil moisture conservation and yield attributes of chilli. There were five treatments comprising T₁: no mulch, T₂: rice straw mulch @ 5 t ha^-1, T₃: water hyacinth mulch @ 5 t ha^-1, T₄: black polyethylene mulch and T₅: white polyethylene mulch. All the mulching materials were significantly different from the control. In 2018-2019, black polyethylene mulch increased average soil temperature by about 5.3 ^oC at 5 cm depth and by 6.1 ^oC at 10 cm depth compared to no mulch treatment at 120 Days. Mulch treatment also had higher soil moisture content at 5 cm and 10 cm depth. The results revealed that, rice straw mulch apparently increased average soil moisture about 5.8% at 5 cm depth and 6.0% at 10 cm depth compared to control treatment. In 2017-2018, rice straw mulch produced highest green chilli yield (9.13 t ha^-1) which was 26.6% increased over no mulch treatment (7.21 t ha^-1) and in 2018-2019, rice straw mulch also produced highest green chilli yield (8.49 t ha^-1) which was 27.28% increased over no mulch treatment (6.67 t ha^-1). Considering economic analysis, in both the years, the highest benefit cost ratio (3.01) and (2.80) was obtained from same treatment T₂i.e., rice straw mulch treatment.

Keywords: Mulching, Soil temperature, Soil moisture conservation, Chilli

Location: RARS, BARI, Jamalpur

Start Date: 00-00-2017

End Date: 00-00-2019

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mulching, Chilli

Objectives:

(1) Assess the impact of different mulch treatments on soil temperature and soil moisture conservation

(2) Understand the yield contributing factors and identify economically viable and environment friendly mulching options in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jamalpur during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to increase the soil moisture retention and to increase yield of chilli using different mulch. Nutrient status of initial soil prior to fertilization, initial soil temperature (°C) & soil moisture (%) and weather data, 2018-19 were recorded. For second year, the experiment was conducted during the period of November 2018 to April 2019.The soil was neutral in pH and silty loam in texture. Before mulching, moisture content in rice straw and water hyacinth were estimated and it was 7.4% and 9.1%, respectively. The land was prepared by tilling in two directions with a power tiller. Weeds and crop stubble were removed. Plots were 3m × 2 m on 15 cm high raised beds. Urea, triple superphosphate (TSP) and muriate of potash (MP) were applied (260, 200 and 150 kg ha^-1, respectively). Total amount of TSP, MP and half of urea were broadcast and incorporated to the soil at final land preparation. The rest of urea was top-dressed at 40 days after transplanting (DAT). Well decomposed cowdung was applied (5 tha^-1) prior to final tilling. BARI morich -1 was used as test variety transplanted in plots in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The row and plant spacing was maintained at 60 cm and 50 cm respectively and each plot accommodated 20 plants. Treatments were: T₁= no mulch; T₂= rice straw mulch @ 5 t ha^-1; T₃= water hyacinth mulch @ 5 t ha^-1; T₄= black polyethylene mulch; and T₅= white polyethylene mulch. After taking the required length of film for crop, (3 × 2 m²plot^-1) one end of the mulch film was anchored in the soil approximately 4-6 inch and then film was unrolled along the length and width of the plot. A sharp tin on a handle was used to easily cut a hole on tightly laid mulched at 50 cm spacing and then transplanting done.-before lying of rice straw and water hyacinth, transplanting distance of 50 cm was marked. After marking, seedlings were transplanted and simultaneously organic mulches spread. Thirty-day old seedlings were transplanted at 60 cm × 50 cm spacing on 13 November 2018. Seedlings were watered after transplanting. Guard rows were established around the entire plot. Gap filling of seedling was with healthy seedlings previously planted in the border area. The fungicides of carbendajim group (Autostin at 2 g/L) and insecticide of Imidachloprid (Imitaf @ 0.25 ml/L) were applied to prevent insect and disease infestation. Soil temperature was determined by soil thermometer at 5 cm and 10 cm depth in the experimental field. In every one month, it was determined in three different times (7 AM, 12 PM and 5 PM) of the day. Soil moisture content was determined by soil moisture meter at 5 cm and 10 cm depth in every fifteen days. Green fruit were harvested at weekly intervals when fruit length was at least 6.5 cm. Harvesting was started on 2 March 2019 and continued till 25 April 2019. Data on growth parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically using statistical software STAR which was developed by IRRI.

Source of Information: Annual Report 2018-2019, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results revealed that, rice straw mulch and black mulch were more effective as they produced higher yield. But, black plastic mulch is costly to use in commercial production when compared to rice straw mulch. From two year observations, it can be concluded that treatment T₂ (rice straw mulch @ 5 tha^-1) is more suitable than all other treatments. For mulching use of rice straw mulch would be a better technology for chilli production.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings