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Estimation of Soil Carbon Stock in Some Wetlands of the Northeastern Region of Bangladesh

Md. Shiful Islam
Payra 1320 MW Thermal Power Plant, Bangladesh-China Power Company Limited, Dhaka -1215

Arafat Rahman
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka -1000, Bangladesh

Humyra B. Murshed
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka -1000, Bangladesh

A.S.M. Mohiuddin
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka -1000, Bangladesh

Md. Jashim Uddin
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka -1000, Bangladesh

Muhaiminur Rahman
Department of Geography and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka -1000, Bangladesh

Md. Khalilur Rahman
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka -1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An investigation was carried out in some wetland soils of the northeastern region of Bangladesh up to 100 cm depth of both medium-high and lowlands to estimate the carbon (C) stock as well as evaluate the impact of anthropogenic activities in these ecosystems. Among these wetland soils, C stock was found to be the highest in Nikli wetland (4.5 Tg), succeeded by Hakaluki (4.0 Tg), Hail (2.8 Tg) and Balai wetland soils (2.5 Tg). The C stock was higher in the medium low land sites in contrast to medium high land sites. The soil reaction, bulk density, nitrogen content, soil carbon-nitrogen dynamics and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage were investigated in the studied sites as well in different vertical scales. Among the investigated wetland soils, Hakaluki wetland stored a greater amount of SOC in the deeper soil layers whereas an inverse relationship between soil depth and SOC storage was noted for the rest of the wetlands. Moreover, C stock in basin regions was gradually lessening in greater magnitude which may lead to higher carbonaceous gas emissions. Management practices including restoration of the drained agricultural land-use types to flooded conditions, balanced fertilization along with organic manure and water management practices should be adopted to restore these wetland soils as a C sink from the C source.

Keywords: Carbon-nitrogen dynamics, Carbon stock, Land type, Wetland soils

Location: Balai, Hakaluki, Hail and Nikli wetland (haor) areas Sylhet

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wetland

Objectives:

To estimate the carbon (C) stock as well as evaluate the impact of anthropogenic activities in these ecosystems of the northeastern region of Bangladesh up to 100 cm depth of both medium-high and lowlands

Methodology:

The Sylhet basin is located in the extreme northeastern part of the Bengal Delta Basin, surrounded by the Shilong plateu, Tripura hills, and the Madhupur terrace Pleistocene uplands. The south boundary is a major fault scarp. The basin area has an average altitude of about 4.5 m above mean sea level at its center. It was earlier considered as a part of the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta. The surface soil is inundated every year during the monsoon season and becomes dry during the winter season. Geo-morphologically, the basin area possesses natural and continuously meandering levees with dendritic drainage. Predominant soils are acidic and the sediment composition of the basin grades from sandy or silty near the surface to fine sand at a depth of about 12 m. Soil sampling and processing- Forty soil and core samples were collected depth-wise from eight profiles of Balai, Hakaluki, Hail and Nikli wetland (haor) areas during the dry season in the year 2019 at the different soil depth including 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm. The sampling at different soil depths was used to assess soil carbon storage and distribution as affected by soil depths and inundation land types (Uddin et al., 2019; Wang et al.,2004). The inundation land is a unique feature in Bangladesh and has taken into account for land management. Among the five categories of inundation land types as identified by FAO-UNDP (FAO-UNDP, 1988). Medium high land (MHL) and medium low land (MLL) sites of the selected four wetland ecosystems were taken into consideration regarding the estimation of carbon stock since these land types contain a significant proportion of basin properties and possess a large area (almost 50% area out of five land types) of the basin ((FAO-UNDP, 1988; SRDI, 2010).

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 6(1): 1-8 (2021)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2021.060101

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is deduced from the present study that C stock in basin regions was gradually lessening in greater magnitude which may lead to higher carbonaceous gas emissions due to the very fast decomposition rate of soil organic carbon. The carbon stock was higher in the medium low land sites in contrast to medium high land sites. It might be due to the decrease of inundation level by the predicted climate change, intensification of agricultural practices and other eco-environmental changes. It is widely accepted that manure inputs can improve soil quality with organic carbon stabilization in soil. There is no alternative to adopt the proper management practices for retaining carbon stock. The strategies including a reduction in tillage intensity to control surface erosion, change in cropping intensity and systems, adoption of yield promoting practices including high doses of nutrients and amendment, and re-establishment of permanent perennial vegetation like forestry and pasture should be practiced for increasing carbon stock in the basin regions of Bangladesh.

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