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Genetic Diversity and Variability of Eggplant in Bangladesh

AKM Quamruzzaman*
Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Ferdouse Islam
Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

M. Nazim Uddin
Olericulture Division, Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted at the experimental field of Olericulture Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during 2018-19 to assess the extent of genetic diversity among 26 eggplant germplasm. The collected germplasm originating from local and exotic sources were subjected to cluster analysis. The inter-cluster distance in all cases was larger than the intracluster distance. Maximum inter-cluster distance (17.73) was observed between germplasm of cluster IV and V followed by cluster II and IV (16.39) and minimum was found between germplasm of cluster II and V (4.41). The highest intra cluster value (3.40) was observed in cluster I. Cluster III was responsible for second highest values viz., number of marketable fruit (23.40), average fruit weight (187.00 g), fruit length (18.60 cm), fruit diameter (6.22 cm), fruit yield (56.84 t/ha), while cluster IV was exhibited highest mean value for average fruit weight (228.33g), fruit diameter (7.40 cm), fruit yield (4.64 kg/plant), fruit yield (60.36 t/ha). Considering the group distance and intergenotypic crosses between the members of cluster II and IV and cluster IV and V would exhibit high heterosis and is also likely to produce new recombinants with desired traits. But in case of the cluster means values and yield contributing performance cluster III and cluster IV performed well. Therefore, inbreds belong to cluster III, cluster IV and cluster V will be given higher priority for crossing in future eggplant hybridization programme.

Keywords: Genetic diversity, Eggplant, Germplasm, Cluster analysis, Bangladesh

Location: Olericulture Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2018

End Date: 00-00-2019

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Eggplant

Objectives:

To assess the extent of genetic diversity in 26 eggplant germplasm which will help to select prospective parents to develop transgressive segregate.

Methodology:

2.1 Experimental Site The experiment was conducted at the Olericulture Division of Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) during 2018-19 with 26 germplasm of eggplant. The seeds of these germplasm were sown on the seedbed on 05 September, 2018. 2.2 Plant Materials Thirty days old seedlings were transplanted in the main field on 04 October, 2018. 2.3 Experimental Design and Layout The experiment was laid out in a RCB design without replication. The unit plot size was 7.0 ×0.7 m and 10 plants were accommodated in a plot with a plant spacing of 70 cm apart in single row maintaining a row to row distance of 70 cm with 30cm drain. 2.4 Land Fertilization and Intercultural Operation The land was fertilized with organic fertilizer –N-P-K-S-Zn-B @ 3,000-170-50-125-18-4.3-1.70 kg/ha, respectively. One third of the organic fertilizer and half of P and full of S, Zn and B were applied during final land preparation. Rest of organic fertilizer and P and 1/3 of K were applied as basal in pit. One fifth of urea and K were applied after 20 days of transplanting. After that, rest of urea and K were applied in equal four installments at 20 days interval. The intercultural operations (weeding, irrigation, insecticide spray etc.) were done as and when necessary. 2.5 Data Recorded Data on days to 1st harvest, number of marketable fruit, average fruit weight (g), fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), fruit yield (kg/plant), plant height at last harvest (cm), plant height at 1st harvest (cm), FSB infested fruit (%), Bacterial wilt infestation (%), little leaf infestation (%), fruit yield (t/ha) were recorded from five randomly selected plants per germplasm. Plot means for 10 quantitative characters were used for the statistical analysis. 2.6 Statistical Analysis Genetic diversity was studied following Mahalanobis’s (1936) generalized distance (D2 ) extended by Rao (1952). Based on the D2 values, the germplasm was grouped into clusters following the method suggested by Tocher (Rao, 1952). Genetic diversity was studied following Mahalanobis’s (1936) generalized distance (D2 ) extended by Rao (1952). Statistical analyses were carried out using Genstat 5 software.

Source of Information: Journal of Advances in Molecular Biology, Vol. 4, No. 2, June 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): https://dx.doi.org/10.22606/jamb.2020.42002

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Considering the group distance and inter-genotypic crosses between the members of cluster II and IV and cluster IV and V would exhibit high heterosis and was also likely to produce new recombinants with desired traits. But in case of the cluster means values and yield contributing performance cluster III and cluster IV performed well. Therefore, inbreds belong to cluster III, cluster IV and cluster V will be given higher priority for crossing in future eggplant hybridization programme.

Knowledge Management: Journal