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Effect of Irrigation on Growth, Flowering and Corm Production of Gladiolus in Winter Season (2018–2019)

F. AKTER
Scientific Officers
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

M. A. Hossain
Principal Scientific Officer
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

S. K. Biswas
Scientific Offier
IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur

R. P. RANNU
Scientific Officers

A. KHATUN
Director
HRC, BARI, GAzipur 1701

F. NASRIN KHAN
Senior Scientific Officer
Floriculture Division, HRC, BARI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur during 2018 -2019 to evaluate the effect of different irrigation systems and scheduling on the performance of gladiolus. Nine irrigation treatments were designed for the experiment with four replications. Treatments were T₁ = Drip irrigation at 3-days interval with recommended N doses, T₂ = Drip irrigation at 3-days interval with 20% less N than recommended doses, T₃ = Drip irrigation at 3-days interval with 40% less N than recommended doses, T₄= Shower irrigation at 7-days interval with100% of FC, T₅ = Shower irrigation at 7-days interval with 80% of FC, T₆ = Shower irrigation at 7-days interval with 60% of FC, T₇ = Flood irrigation at 10-days interval, T₈ = Flood irrigation at 15-days interval, T₉ = Flood irrigation at 20-days interval. Results revealed that the drip system of irrigation i.e. (T₁, T₂, T₃) showed the best performance than the shower (T₄, T₅, T₆) and flood irrigation (T₇, T₈, T₉) system. Spike yield (22.42 t/ha), the weight of single spike (84.07 cm), spike length (105.1 cm), rachis length (54.46 cm), the yield of corms (1.04 t/ha) and cormel (0.94 t/ha), the weight of single corm per plant (43.71 gm), a diameter of corm (6.2 cm), number of cormels per plant (33.50) and weight of cormels per plant (12.33 gm) were found maximum with drip irrigation system (T₁, T₂, T₃). Maximum plant growth, spike yield attributes and flower production were obtained with gravity drip irrigation at 20% less N than recommended dose which was competitive with the other two drip irrigation treatments along with shower irrigation with 80% of FC and flood irrigation at a 10-day interval. However, maximum corm and cormel growth attributes were obtained from drip irrigation with recommended N along with the above treatments stated for spike yield. Whereas, the minimum plant growth, spike yield attributes, corm and cormel yield parameters were achieved with shower irrigation with 60% of FC along with shower irrigation with 100% of FC, flood irrigation at the 15-day interval and flood irrigation at a 20-day interval. The results of the study showed that the lowest irrigation water use, highest water productivity, and water and N savings through a drip irrigation system, or shower irrigation with 80% of FC, or 10-day interval flood irrigation promotes flower growth and quality characters and corm production of gladiolus in comparison with optimal, or scarce water applied through shower or flood irrigation system.

Keywords: Irrigation scheduling, Gladiolus, Growth, Corm production

Location: IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur.

Start Date: 00-00-2018

End Date: 00-00-2019

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Irrigation scheduling, Gladiolus

Objectives:

• To find out the optimum irrigation scheduling for Gladiolus production

• To investigate the performance of gladiolus under different irrigation method

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2018-2019 at the experimental field of IWM Division, BARI, Gazipur. The soils were silty clay loam with field capacity (28.5-29%), and bulk density (1.44-1.48) gm/cc. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD design with four replications. Nine treatments were designed for the experiment as stated below: T₁ = Drip irrigation at 3 days interval with recommended N doses; T₂ = Drip irrigation at 3 days interval with 20% less N than recommended doses; T₃ = Drip irrigation at 3 days interval with 40% less N than recommended doses; T₄= Shower irrigation at 7 days interval with 100% of FC; T₅ = Shower irrigation at 7 days interval with 80% of FC; T₆ = Shower irrigation at 7 days interval with 60% of FC; T₇ = Flood irrigation at 10 days interval; T₈ = Flood irrigation at 15 days interval; T₉ = Flood irrigation at 20 days interval. The unit plot size was 3 m × 1.5 m, with a 1.5 m wide buffer strip between plots to restrict seepage from neighboring plots. The recommended dose of fertilizers was applied @ 300 kg N, 375 kg P, 300 kg K, 30 kg S, 8 kg Zn, 12 kg B per hectare and cow-dung 1t/ha. During land preparation, full doses of P, K, S, Zn, B and cow-dung were properly mixed with the soil. Half of the nitrogen was applied at 25 days after planting and the rest half of the nitrogen was applied at the flower initiation period. Irrigations were done in drip, shower and flood irrigation methods as per treatments. Corms were sown on 20 November 2018 at a spacing of 15 cm plant to plant and 25 cm line to line. Soil moisture at every 10 days interval was measured. A measured amount of water was applied to each plot as per treatment to maintain the soil moisture content in the root zone depth. To find out the relative performance, ten plants were selected randomly and tagged in each plot for analysis of growth, flower and corm yield characters viz. length of the plant, length of leaves, number of spikes, length of the spike, number of corm and cormel, diameter and weight of corms and weight of cormels and various other similar characters. The experimental plots of treatment T₁, T₂ and T₃ were irrigated by drip irrigation with fertilizer (fertigation) as per treatment. The drippers having a discharge of 4 l h^-1 at a pressure of 0.1 MPa on laterals were located 25 cm apart. The laterals were arranged in such a way that every ridge had five laterals with 25 cm intervals. The amount of irrigation water applied in the treatments was controlled by using a gauge on the main pipeline and valves located on each lateral. The irrigation water to be applied was calculated by the equation given below. I = Pc x Epan x A x P (1) Where, I is the irrigation water (mm), Pc is the pan coefficient, Epan is the cumulative evaporation (mm), A is the plot area (m²) and P is the wetted area percentage (%). The wetted area was taken as 100% assuming that lateral interval is equal to the spaces between drippers. Undesirable plants were rouged out. Flower spikes at the color break stage (viz. basal floret showing color) were cut with a sharp knife by giving a slanting cut from plants grown in the experimental plots keeping two leaves at both side of the spike. Flowers were harvested from 14.02.2019 to 28.02.2019.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2018–2019, IWM Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was observed that the Drip irrigation method was superior over the flooding and shower irrigation method and treatment T₂ (Drip irrigation with 20% less N than recommended doses) was the best for spike yield and treatment T₁(Drip irrigation with recommended N doses) was the best for corm production. Drip irrigation with recommended N doses (T₁), with 20% less N than recommended doses (T₂) and with 40% less N than recommended doses (T₃), shower irrigation with 80% of FC (T₅), Flood irrigation at 10 days interval (T₇) were better over shower irrigation with 100% of FC (T₄), shower irrigation with 60% of FC (T₆), Flood irrigation at 15 days interval (T₈), and flood irrigation at 20 days interval (T₉). However, this is only a single year of data; therefore, no discreet conclusion can be drawn unless the research runs for few more years.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings