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Energy Use Analysis of Ca Tillage Systems for Rice-maize Cropping Pattern (2018-19)

M A Hoque
Farm Machinery & Postharvest Process Engineering Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M I Hossain
Farm Machinery & Postharvest Process Engineering Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Sufficient supply of the right amount of energy and its effective and efficient use are necessary for an improved agricultural production. Conservation agriculture (CA) based management could considerably help smallholder farmers and make considerable contributions to food security. System-based evaluation of the CA in respect of energy and economics is important. Therefore, a study was undertaken to assess productivity, quantify energy flow and financial profitability of CA tillage methods for Rice-Maize cropping pattern. Treatments were- conventional Tillage (CT) T. Aman-CT Maize, CT Machine transplanted T. Aman-CT Maize, CT T. Aman-Strip Tillage (ST) Maize, CT T. Aman-Zero Tillage (ZT) Maize, STMT T. Aman-ST Maize, Strip till followed by manual transplanting (STMT) T. Aman-ZT Maize, Unpuddled Tillage (UPT) T. Aman-ST Maize, UPT T. Aman-ZT Maize. Crops were cultivated in the cropping pattern during last Rabi season of 2017-18 and 2018-19. Yield of maize and T aman for different treatments were not significantly varied. Direct energy consumption was accounted for only a small proportion of the total energy consumption during maize cultivation. Indirect energy of maize shared lower amount in CT than ST and ZT. Direct energy of T. aman rice cultivation was the highest in CT and the lower ST and ZT. The highest energy output-input ratio was found for unpuddled T.aman-ZT maize cropping systems. The highest input cost and return was recorded in CT T. aman- CT Maize cropping pattern but the highest BCR was found in Unpuddled T.aman-ST Maize cropping pattern. Thus, the experiment will be continued in the next year for completion of the cycle.

Keywords: Energy use, Tillage system, Cropping pattern

Location: Research field of FMPE Division, BARI

Start Date: 00-00-2017

End Date: 00-00-2018

Program Area: Farm Mechanization

Commodity:

Objectives:

a) To assess productivity of CA tillage practices

b) To quantify input- output energy flow in Rice-Maize cropping pattern

c) To evaluate energy efficiency and financial profitability of the systems

Methodology:

An experiment was conducted at the research field of FMPE Division, BARI during 2017-18. In this experiment, the residue retention level was constant (25cm). Strip tillage (ST) and Zero Tillage (ZT) were used as CA practice during rabi season. Strip till followed by manual transplanting (STMT) and unpuddled transplanting by trnsplanter (UPT) were used as CA practice during T. aman season comparing with conventional tillage (CT) methods. Thus, the treatments were tested with 03 (three) replications: T₁=CT T. Aman-CT Maize; T₂=CT Machine transplanted T. Aman-CT Maize; T₃=CT T. Aman-ST Maize; T₄=CT T. Aman-ZT Maize; T₅=STMT T. Aman-ST Maize; T₆=STMT T. Aman-ZT Maize; T₇=UPT T. Aman-ST Maize; and T₈=UPT T. Aman-ZT Maize. Variety of maize was BARI Hybrid maize-9. Date of Sowing was 17-12-2018. Plote size was 6 x5 m². Date of harvesting was 11-05-2018. Standard fertilizer dose (230-48-90-43-10 kg/ha NPKSZn), weed management practice and irrigation schedule were followed. Before selecting the yield estimation area, border effects were avoided. All the ears from the harvest area were collected. The ear cover was removed. When the ears (with grain) of area were thoroughly dried, all of the remaining ears with attached grains from the harvested area were weighted. All the maize grains were collected and weighed. A representative cob sub-sample of five representative cobs for moisture determination were collected and being weighed. Randomly 1 m² area was selected from the main plot for crop biomass, plant height, ear length, ear girth, number of grains and 100 grain weight. Each of these areas should contain 10 plants. During T. amn season BINA Dhan-7 was transplanted on 07-08-2018 and harvested on 15-19-2018. Plote size was 6 x5 m². Standard fertilizer dose (70-10-35-6 kg/ha NPKS), weed management practice and irrigation schedule were followed. All plots were harvested for yield estimation and randomly 1m² area was harvested for yield contributing characters. Energy conversion was done with standard energy equivalent. Total energy input Total energy input, GJ/ha = E_de + Ei_e_{. (}Mechanical energy input, GJ/ha. Indirect energy input, GJ/ha. E_i = Irrigation energy input, GJ/ha). Seed was considered as biological energy resources input. Therefore, only seeds were considered to calculate biological energy input. Energy output: Energy output was considered of main product and by-product. Total energy output, GJ/ha = (Yield x E_eqp) + (By-product x E_eqb). Operating cost calculation: Operating cost was calculated to determine its economic performance and production cost. Fixed and variable costs were determined. Depreciation, interest on investment, tax, insurance and shelter costs are the components of fixed cost calculated. In variable cost calculation, the cost of fuel, lubricant, and labour were considered. These cost increase with increase of machine use and vary to a large extent in direct proportion to days of use per year. A simple partial economic analysis was done based on total production. Price of the produce was collected from the local markets to compute total production cost, gross return, gross margin and benefit-cost ratio (BCR).

Source of Information: Annual Research Report 2018-19, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Yield of maize and T aman for different treatments were not significantly varied. Direct energy consumption was accounted for only a small proportion of the total energy consumption during maize cultivation. Indirect energy of maize shared lower amount in CT than ST and ZT. Direct energy of T. aman rice cultivation was the highest in CT and the lower ST and ZT due to difference in labour and fuel use. The highest energy output-input ratio was found for unpuddled T.aman-ZT maize cropping systems. The highest input cost and return was recorded in CT T. aman- CT Maize cropping pattern but the highest BCR was found in Unpuddled T.aman-ST Maize cropping pattern. Thus, the experiment will be continued in the next year for completion of the cycle and further confirmation.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings