2.1. Climate Bangladesh has a sub-tropical humid climate. Heavy rainfall occurs in the monsoon and scanty in the other seasons. The mean annual rainfall recorded at the Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Center (SCWM), SRDI, Bandarban, nearest to the experimental sites was 3010.9 mm and the annual average temperature was 31.63°C as maximum and 21.46°C as a minimum. Meteorological data like rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity during the study period. 2.2. Soil characteristics The general soil type of the experimental plot was Brown Hill soil collected from Tiger Para, Bandarban (AEZ 29). Morphological and general characteristics of the experimental soils are described ,Geographic position: 22010.673’ N Latitude 920 12 .208’ E Longitude, 216 m height above sea level, Slope 25% Moderate slope, Agro-ecological zone (FAO and UNDP, 1988): Northern and Eastern Hills (AEZ -29), General Soil Type: Brown Hill Soil Soil Group: Suvolong Parent material Sedimentary rocks, Drainage: Highly drained Flood level, Land type: High land. Depth of soil: 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm, Texture Loam: Clay Loam, pH: 4.6-4.4, OM (%): 2.24-2.02, Exchangeable Ca (cmol kg-1): 3.01-2.83, Exchangeable Mg (cmol kg-1): 0.99-0.93, Exchangeable K (cmol kg-1): 0.27-0.28, Total N: (%): 0.212-0.101, Available P (mg kg-1): 3.91-3.82, Available S (mg kg-1): 1.74-1.61, Available Zn (mg kg-1): 2.98- 3.18, Available Mn (mg kg-1): 5.86-5.78, Available Fe (mg/kg): 68.15-79.45, Available Cu(mg kg-1): 0.56-0.44, Available B (mg kg-1): 0.11-0.05. 2.3. Treatment details and crop management The experiment was set up with two factors viz: mulch & fertilizer in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatment details are given as a factor A and factor B. Factor A: M0= No mulch, M1=Mulch (About 50 kg natural weed per 20 m2 plot), Mulch with natural weed 25 t ha-1, Where, 0.4 % N, 0.1 % P, 0.4% K and 0.2% S (Ref. Fertilizer Recommendation Guide-2012). Factor B: F1 = Control (Farmers’ practice), F2 =Management with 100% chemical fertilizer by STB, (N37 P15 K14 S8 kg ha-1), F3 = Management with 125% chemical fertilizer by STB (F2 +125% more fertilizer). Jhum crops were used in the experiment namely Jhum rice, marpha, sesame, maize, yard-long bean and sweet gourd. Before the initiation of this experiment we met the farmer, ‘Joy Fal Tongconga’ in Tiger Para, Bandarban Sadar and agreed to set experiment in the farmer’s field. After preparation of all experimental plots Jhum seeds were sown on 03 June 2015 by the dibbling method. Weeds were used as mulching material. Chemical fertilizers were applied by soil test basis (STB). Before sowing of Jhum seed, all dose of TSP, MoP and gypsum fertilizers were applied by dibbling as per treatment. The experimental field was monitored frequently and necessary management actions such as weeding and application of pesticides were done as per requirement. 2.4. Data collection, soil and plant analysis After threshing and cleaning, crop yield and yield contributing data like plant height, number of panicles m-2, length of panicle, number of grains panicle-1, number of filled grains panicle-1, number of unfilled grains panicle-1, grain yield m-2, grain yield ha-1, straw yield ha-1 and dry matter of other crops were collected in time. Jhum crops were harvested from the experimental field on 03 October 2015 and brought for processing at the Farmyard of HCRC, Balaghata, Bandarban. The eroded soil was collected from catch pit and calculated by the electric balance on dry basis. Two initial soil samples were collected from both the surface (0-15 cm) and sub-surface region (15-30 cm) of the soil profile of each spot with the help of an auger and core sampler. Collected soil samples were analyzed for determining soil pH, and the contents of organic matter, total N, P, K, Zn, B, Ca, Mg and S and other basic soil physical properties. Hill slope was measured by Abney Level. Elevation, longitude and latitude were determined by the GPS meter.