Dr. Md. Mainuddin
Principal Research Scientist
CSIRO, Australia, Irrigation and Water Management Division, BARI, Gazipur
Dr. M. A. Hossain
PSO (C.C.) and Head
IWM Division, IWM Division, Agronomy Division and On-Farm Research Division, BARI, Gazipur
Dr. Khokan Kumer Sarker
Scientific Officer
Irrigation and Water Management Division (A.C.), BARI, Gazipur
Sk. Shamsul Alam Kamar
Scientific Officer
Irrigation and Water Management Division, BARI, Gazipur
Surface drainage, Irrigation technique, Growth and Yield, Moisture of soils,
Amtali upazila in Barguna and Tildanga village, Dacope upazila in Khulna districts
Crop-Soil-Water Management
Two field experiments were conducted in farmers’ fields at Sikandorkhali village, Amtali upazila in Barguna and Tildanga village, Dacope upazila in Khulna districts during rabi season of 2018-2019. The land situation is medium low land and the soil texture is silty clay loam at Dacope and clay loam at Amtali. Field experiments on a sunflower at Tildanga and maize at Amtali were carried out in two locations. The soils were clay loam at Amtali with an average field capacity of 31.8% (gravimetric water content) and silty-clay loam at Tildanga with an average field capacity of 37.2% (gravimetric water content) and mean bulk density of 1.40 g/cc over the 60 cm soil profile with 15 cm increment of soil layers. The rainfall at each location was recorded from the weather stations of Khulna and Amtali, Barguna. During the crop growing season 2018-2019, the total rainfalls were 169 mm at Amtali and 343 mm in Khulna than the long-term average, which occurred mainly during the crop growing season.
Two field experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with four types of drainage treatments for sunflower and maize and replicated thrice. The treatments were (i) single row raised bed with 30 cm drain, (ii) double row raised bed with 40 cm drain, (iii) triple row raised bed with 40 cm drain, and (iv) random field ditches (scattered)–Pothole (3 Pothole/plot). Each experiment was conducted in a farmers’ field. The unit plot size was 42 square meters which depended on the existing farmers’ block. Standard crop management practices and irrigation scheduling of different crops were followed over two locations. Maize (BARI Hybrid Bhutta-9), a medium salt-tolerant variety was sown at 20 kg seed/ha on 8 December 2018 with a row spacing of 60 cm (row to row) and 25 cm (plant to plant) at Amtali and sunflower (local hybrid: Hisun-33) seed sowing 12 kg/ha with a row to row and plant to plant spacing was considered as 60 and 30 cm, respectively on 16 December 2018 at Tildanga, Dacope in dibbling technique under the no-tilled system at Tildanga and conventional tillage with bed planting system at Amtali. Fertilizer was applied in the forms of urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum, borax, and zinc sulfate, respectively. Fertilizers were applied for maize @ N255 P75 K120 S52 Mg15 Zn4, B1.4 kg/ha. One-third of N and K and all of P, K, S, Mg, Zn, Band organic manure (If used) was applied as basal doses below the soil surface as horizontal and vertical separation of seed during planting. The remaining two-thirds of N and K were applied in two equal splits as a top dressing in maize at 30-35 DAS and 50-60 DAS (tasseling stage). For sunflower, fertilizers were applied @ N129 P32 K60 S21 Mg6 Zn2B1.6 kg/ha as basal doses below the soil surface as horizontal and vertical separation of seed during planting and remaining N and K was applied as top-dressing in two equal splits at 20-25 DAS and 40-45 DAS (before flower initiation stage). In this study, the no-tilled system was considered as one of the many types of CT for row crops. Sub-surface placement of band fertilizer was placed. Mixed fertilizers were placed into the sub-soil uniformly and soil packed to minimize fertilizers tie-up manually. Adequate plant protection measures were undertaken at vegetative stages. There was no significant pest or disease infestation in the experimental plots. The crops were sprayed with Rovral-50wp at 0.2% at 30 DAS for prevention against diseases. Sunflower and maize were harvested on 3 April 2019 at Tildanga and 30 April 2019 at Amtali, respectively. Crop yields were determined at harvest. The mean yields of each crop were taken from each plot within one square meter. Plants were harvested manually at the ground level from the corner avoiding the border effect. After manual threshing, the cleaned dried filled grain yields were recorded at desired moisture (12%) content. The yield contributing characters and seed yield of sunflower were recorded from the plants during the experimental period. Five plants were randomly chosen to measure the seed yield components from each treatment. Economical seed yield (t/ha) was measured from the plants harvested from the selected two rows of each plot. Seed yield was manually harvested. The yield contributing characters and seed yield of maize were recorded from the plants during the experimental period. Five plants were randomly chosen to measure the seed yield components from each treatment. Economical grain yield (t/ha) was measured from the plants harvested from the selected two rows of each plot. Maize grain yield was manually harvested. All the treatment mean values were compared following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Soil sampling was collected from each treatment to monitor soil moisture and soil salinity, osmotic potential and pH dynamics at different growth stages and soil profiles. Soils were sampled from 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm soil depths at the time of sowing to harvest. The Electrical conductivity of EC1:5 was determined and converted to salinity ECw of field soil water (dS/m) while using the formula derived from Richards (1954)and Rengasamy (2010). Field soil gravimetric moisture content was determined. The soil samples were taken from each plot in 15 cm increments, well-mixed together, subsampled, weighed, dried at 105oC, and reweighed to determine gravimetric moisture content. EC1:5 was also converted to osmotic potential (kPa) of field soil solution using the formula derived from Rengasamy (2010). EC1:5 was determined using a portable instrument. Irrigation water was applied based on the pan evaporation method at different crop growth stages. The irrigation scheduling was at early vegetative (30-35 DAE), tasseling/silking (65-70 DAE) and grain development (100-110 DAE) stages for maize and three irrigations at early vegetative, flowering and grain filling stage for sunflower were followed. Data on yield attributes, crop yield and water productivity were statistically analyzed to test the effects of irrigation using R software version 3.5.0. All the treatment means were analyzed and compared for any significant differences using R-statistical models at a 5% (P≤0.05) probability level of significance. The number of irrigation events, amount of applied irrigation water, total water use (TWU) and water productivity (WP) under different irrigation treatments during 2018-2019 were done but the analysis of water-related data was not included in this report.
Annual Research Report 2018–2019, IWM Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh
Report/Proceedings