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Heavy Metal Contamination in Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus Collected from Different Fish Markets of Mymensingh District

M. Mahmuda
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. H. Rahman
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

A. Bashar
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. F. Rohani
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

M. S. Hossain
Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to determine heavy metals viz; lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), and Cadmium (Cd) concentration in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) collected from different fish markets (Borobazar fish market, Shesmore fish market, Kamal-Ranjit market, Sutiakhali fish market, Machuabazar fish market and Shamvuganj fish market) of Mymensingh district from July 08, 2018, to January 15, 2019. After collection, electro-thermal heater digestion of the samples was carried out in Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) and finally heavy metal concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) in the Interdisciplinary Institute for Food Security (IIFS) Laboratory, BAU. The average Pb, Zn, Cr, and Cd concentrations (mg/kg) in the examined samples were 1.67 mg/kg, 118.68 mg/kg, 0.97 mg/kg, and 0.59 mg/kg, respectively. The average Arsenic concentrations in all tilapia samples were found to be below the detectable limit (BDL). The study revealed that the average Zn and Cr concentration of tilapia flesh samples in Mymensingh were considerably higher than the maximum recommended limit of the World Health Organization (1989) and Food and Agricultural Organization (1983) and hence human health safety issues for the local consumer should be taken into consideration by the concerned authorities. The study was conducted to determine heavy metals viz; lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), and Cadmium (Cd) concentration in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) collected from different fish markets (Borobazar fish market, Shesmore fish market, Kamal-Ranjit market, Sutiakhali fish market, Machuabazar fish market and Shamvuganj fish market) of Mymensingh district from July 08, 2018, to January 15, 2019. After collection, electro-thermal heater digestion of the samples was carried out in Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) and finally heavy metal concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) in the Interdisciplinary Institute for Food Security (IIFS) Laboratory, BAU. The average Pb, Zn, Cr, and Cd concentrations (mg/kg) in the examined samples were 1.67 mg/kg, 118.68 mg/kg, 0.97 mg/kg, and 0.59 mg/kg, respectively. The average Arsenic concentrations in all tilapia samples were found to be below the detectable limit (BDL). The study revealed that the average Zn and Cr concentration of tilapia flesh samples in Mymensingh were considerably higher than maximum recommended limit of the World Health Organization (1989) and Food and Agricultural Organization (1983) and hence human health safety issues for the local consumer should be taken into consideration by the concerned authorities.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Tilapia, Fish market

Location: Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University

Start Date: 00-00-2018

End Date: 00-00-2019

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Heavy metal

Objectives:

The aim of evaluating whether fish are safe for human consumption or not the heavy metal concentration in tilapia collected from different markets were analyzed.

Methodology:

The study was carried out in six selected markets of Mymensingh district (24.7500°N 90.4167°E), namely Shesmore fish market, Kamal Ranjit (KR) fish market, Shamvuganj fish market, Borobazar fish market, Machuabazar fish market and Sutiakhali fish market. These fish markets were selected because all these markets are very popular and nearby Bangladesh Agricultural University. A total of 120 (twenty from each market) fish samples were collected from six selected markets. The average size of each fish was 550-600 g. After collection of the fish in the icebox, the samples were immediately transported to the Fish Nutrition Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), cleaned with distilled water, stored in pre-cleaned plastic bags, sealed, labeled accordingly and kept frozen in an icebox. After acid treatment by 10 ml of nitric acid and 5 ml of the perchloric acid solution, exactly 1 g of sample was digested at 80⁰C for 30 minutes in an electro-thermal heater. After cooling at room temperature, in a clean volumetric flask double distilled water was added to the digestion to make the volume exactly 100 ml. The solution was then filtered through Whatman filter paper No. 42 and finally kept in the air-tight plastic bottle with proper labeling. A blank containing the same digestion inputs except samples was prepared using the identical procedures to ensure that the samples and chemicals used were not contaminated (Shovon et al., 2017). Analysis of the heavy metal content of the samples was performed with a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model Shimadzu AA-7000) using acetylene gas as fuel and air as an oxidizer. Digested samples were aspirated into the fuel-rich air acetylene flame and the metal concentrations were determined from the calibration curves obtained from standard solutions (Skoog et al., 2005). Each determination was based on the average values of three replicate samples. The term BDL (below detectable limit) is defined as the limit (0.001 mg/kg) under which the concentration of heavy metals can’t be determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Model Shimadzu AA120 7000). To prevent the precipitation of metals and to avoid microbial activity samples are acidified. After the analysis of heavy metals of collected tilapia, all the recorded data were collected and processed using Microsoft- Excel (2010).

Source of Information: Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Vol 1 No 4 December 2020 Pages 1-5

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.47440/JAFE.2020.1401

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is evident from this study that the presence of heavy metals in the aquaculture environment is of global importance as they play a critical role in the bioaccumulation of heavy metals especially when they passed on to human beings through consumption. Therefore, to maintain the food chain safe from the entering of heavy metals and the subsequent consequences, it is necessary to have definite standards for heavy metals for all possible pathways towards the food chain. Further research should be done to ensure the source of heavy metal contamination both in farm and natural water body tilapia. After identifying the source of contamination, the responsible authority should take the necessary steps to avoid bioaccumulation of heavy metal in fish.

Knowledge Management: Journal