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Effect of Weed Management on the Growth and Yield Performances of Boro Rice Cultivars

M. A. Salam
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

S. Sarker
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

A. Sultana
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from December 2017 through May 2018 to evaluate the effect of weed management practices on the performance of boro rice cultivars. The experiment consisted of three boro rice cultivars viz., BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan29 and BRRI dhan74 along with six different weed management practices such as no weeding, application of pre-emergence herbicide Superhit, application of early post-emergence herbicide Changer, application of pre-emergence herbicide Superhit followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT (days after transplanting), application of early post-emergence herbicide Changer followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT, and two hands weeding at 20 and 40 DATs. Cultivars had no significant effect on weed density at 20 and 40 DATs but showed a significant effect at 60 DAT and weed dry weight was not significantly affected by cultivars at different DATs. The weeding regime had a significant effect on weed density and dry weight at different DATs. The highest weed dry weight was observed in no weeding treatment and the lowest one was recorded in the application of early post-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT. BRRI dhan29 with no weeding treatment produced the highest weed dry weight and BRRI dhan28 with the application of early post-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding produced the lowest weed dry weight at different DATs. BRRI dhan74 produced the highest grain and straw yields among the studied cultivars. The highest grain yield was obtained from the application of pre-emergence herbicide Superhit (Pretilachlor) followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT due to the highest number of effective tillers hill^-1 and highest number of grains panicle^-1in this treatment. Rice cultivar BRRI dhan29 with the application of pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT produced the highest grain yield and the lowest one resulted from BRRI dhan29 in combination with no weeding treatment. From the economic analysis, it is observed that cultivar BRRI dhan29 with the application of pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT maximized the BCR. So, for controlling weeds in an effective manner and in order to get the highest grain yield and the highest economic return in boro rice, BRRI dhan29 with the application of pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT might be recommended.

Keywords: Phenolic compounds, Antimicrobial activity, Floral origin, Libyan honeys, Authenticity

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-12-2017

End Date: 00-05-2018

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Weed management, Rice

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of cultivar on weed suppression and yield performance of boro rice, to determine the effect of weed management on weed suppression and yield performance of boro rice and to find out the interaction effect of cultivar and herbicide on weed suppression and yield performance of boro rice.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from December 2017 through May 2018 to study the effect of weed management on the performance of boro rice cultivars. The experimental area is characterized by non-calcareous dark grey floodplain soil belonging to the Sonatola Soil Series under the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain, Agro-Ecological Zone 9 (UNDP and FAO, 1988). The experiment consisted of two factors, Factor A- cultivars of boro rice: BRRI dhan28 (V₁), BRRI dhan29 (V₂) and BRRI dhan74 (V₃) and Factor B- Weed management: control (no weeding) (W₀), application of pre- emergence herbicide Superhit (Pretilachlor) (W₁), application of early post-emergence herbicide Changer (Acetachlor 14% + Bensulfuronmethyl 4%) (W₂), application of pre-emergence herbicide Superhit followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT (W₃), application of early post- emergence herbicide Changer followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT (W₄) and two hand weedings at 20 and 40 DAT_s (W₅). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each of the replication represented a block in the experiment. Each block comprised 18 unit plots which were assigned with the combination of three rice cultivars and six weed management practices. Thus the total number of unit plots were 3×6×3= 54 and each unit plot size was 4.0 m × 2.5 m. Sprouted seeds were sown in the wet nursery bed on 6 December 2017. Proper care was taken to raise the healthy seedlings in the nursery bed. Weeds were removed and irrigation was given in the nursery bed as and when necessary. The land was opened on 1 January 2018 with a power tiller. Then the land was puddled thoroughly by ploughing and cross ploughing four times with country plough followed by laddering. Weeds and stubbles were removed from the field. The layout of the experimental field was done on 19 January 2018 in accordance with the experimental design. The experimental plots were fertilized with urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum and ZnSO₄ @ 300-100-150- 110-10 kg ha^-1, respectively as per recommendation of fertilizer recommendation guide (BARC, 2012). The entire amounts of triple superphosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate were applied at the time of final land preparation. Urea was top dressed in three equal installments at 15, 30 and 45 days after transplanting (DAT). Healthy seedlings were uprooted on 20 January 2018 without causing much mechanical injury to the roots and they were immediately transferred to the main field. Forty five days old seedlings were transplanted in the well prepared puddled field on 20 January 2018 at the rate of three seedlings hill^-1, maintained row and hill distance of 25 cm and 15 cm, respectively. Seedlings in some hills died off and these were replaced by gap filling after one week of transplanting with seedlings from the same source. The experimental plots were irrigated as and when it was necessary. The crops were harvested at full maturity. Maturity of crops was determined when 90% of the grains became golden yellow in color. Five hills (excluding border hills) and central 1 m × 1 m were randomly selected from each plot for recording necessary data on various crop characters and yield contributing characters. An area of 1 m² was selected in the middle portion of each plot to record yields of grain and straw. BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan74 were harvested on 28 April and BRRI dhan29 was harvested on 7 May 2018. The grains were then threshed, cleaned, sun dried and weighed to record the grain yield. The grain yield was adjusted to 14% moisture content. Straws were also sun dried and weighed to record the straw yield. Grain and straw yields were finally expressed in t ha^-1. Data were collected on weed density, weed dry weight and plant height, total tillers hill^-1, effective tillers hill^-1, non-effective tillers hill^-1, panicle length, grains panicle^-1, sterile spikelets panicle^-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index. Data on weed density were collected from each plot at 20 DAT, 40 DAT and 60 DAT of the rice plants by using 0.5 m × 0.5 m quadrate as per method described by Cruz et al. (1986). The quadrate was placed in three spots at random. The weeds within the quadrate were counted and converted to number m^-2 multiplying by four. After counting the weed density, the weeds inside each quadrate were uprooted, cleaned, separated species-wise and dried first in the sun and then in an electrical oven for 72 hours at a temperature of 80°C. The dry weight of each species was taken by an electrical balance and expressed in g m^-2. From each of the unit plots five hills were selected at random and uprooted carefully and tagged before harvesting for recording data. The recorded data were compiled and tabulated for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance was done with the help of computer package, MSTAT-C. The mean differences among the treatments were adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). The cost of individual head of expenditure was recorded and partial budget analysis was done. The budget consists of the following heads: A. Variable cost: All non-material and material costs constituted the variable cost. Eight working hours of a labour and a pair of bullocks were considered as a man-day and an animal-day, respectively. B. Gross income: Gross income was computed by adding market values of grain and straw yields. C. Benefit cost ratio (BCR): BCR was calculated by using the following formula: BCR = Gross income/Total cost of production

Source of Information: Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Vol 1 No 4 December 2020 Pages 19-26

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.47440/JAFE.2020.1403

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Application of pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT was effective and economic than the other weed control treatments in controlling weeds and in producing higher grain yield as well as highest economic return. So, to control weeds in an effective manner and in order to get the highest grain yield as well as obtaining the highest economic return in boro rice, BRRI dhan29 with the application of pre-emergence herbicide followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT might be recommended. However, further studies are necessary at different agro-ecological zones of the country to confirm this result.

Knowledge Management: Journal